Philodendron melanochrysum, often called the Black Gold Philodendron, is a highly sought-after houseplant known for its dark, velvety leaves and striking golden veins. This captivating plant originates from the tropical rainforests of Colombia, thriving in warm, humid environments where it climbs trees to reach dappled sunlight. Its vining growth habit adds an elegant, tropical touch to any indoor space.
Melanochrysum Care Essentials
Light
Philodendron melanochrysum flourishes in bright, indirect light, mimicking its natural habitat beneath a tree canopy. Direct sunlight can scorch its delicate leaves, causing brown patches or fading the vibrant coloration. Insufficient light can lead to slower growth, smaller leaves, and a leggy appearance. An ideal placement might be near an east or north-facing window, or set back a few feet from a south or west-facing window, possibly with sheer curtains to diffuse intense light.
Watering
Water when the top 1-2 inches (2.5-5 cm) of soil feel dry to the touch to avoid root rot from overwatering. You can check soil moisture using your finger or a moisture meter. During cooler fall and winter months, reduce watering frequency as the plant’s growth slows.
Humidity and Temperature
This plant requires high humidity, ideally between 60% and 80%. Low humidity can cause browning leaf tips and edges, or lead to new leaves struggling to unfurl. To increase humidity, use a humidifier, place the plant on a pebble tray, or group it with other plants. Philodendron melanochrysum prefers warm temperatures, ranging from 65°F to 80°F (18°C to 27°C). Protect it from cold drafts and sudden temperature drops, as temperatures below 60°F (15°C) can stress the plant.
Soil and Potting
The ideal soil mix for Philodendron melanochrysum should be well-draining, airy, and rich in organic matter. A suitable blend includes potting soil, perlite, orchid bark, and coco coir or peat moss to help retain moisture. Good drainage is essential to prevent waterlogging and root rot. A slightly acidic pH range of 5.5 to 6.0 is beneficial.
Fertilization
During its active growing season in spring and summer, Philodendron melanochrysum benefits from regular fertilization. Use a balanced liquid fertilizer, such as an NPK 10-10-10 or 20-20-20, applied every 2-4 weeks. Dilute the fertilizer to half strength or less to avoid nutrient burn. Stop fertilizing during fall and winter when growth slows.
Potting and Support
Potting
Repot every 2-3 years, or when root-bound signs appear (e.g., roots emerging from drainage holes, stunted growth). Select a new container only 1-2 inches larger in diameter to prevent excess moisture retention. Ensure the pot has adequate drainage holes.
Support
Philodendron melanochrysum is a climbing plant that benefits from structural support like a moss pole or trellis. Support encourages larger, more mature leaves and healthier growth by allowing aerial roots to attach. Guide the plant’s stem and aerial roots towards the support, securing it loosely if necessary. Regular misting of the moss pole encourages aerial root adhesion.
Propagation
Propagate Philodendron melanochrysum using stem cuttings. Select a healthy stem section with at least 1-2 nodes and a leaf. Make a clean cut just below a node using sharp, sanitized shears or a knife. Remove any leaves that would be submerged to prevent rot.
Water Propagation
For water propagation, place the cutting in a glass of water, ensuring the node is fully submerged while keeping the leaves above the waterline. Change the water every few days to maintain cleanliness. Roots should emerge within 2-4 weeks, and the cutting can be transferred to soil once roots are several inches long.
Soil Propagation
For soil propagation, plant the cutting directly into a well-draining potting mix, ensuring at least one node is buried. Maintain consistent moisture and provide warmth and high humidity to encourage successful rooting.
Troubleshooting and Common Issues
Yellowing Leaves
Yellowing leaves often indicate overwatering (leading to root rot) or underwatering. Other causes include nutrient deficiency or natural aging of older leaves.
Browning Leaf Tips
Browning leaf tips or edges signal low humidity, insufficient watering, or mineral buildup from tap water. Increasing ambient humidity and ensuring consistent moisture can help.
Small or Leggy Growth
Small leaves or leggy growth indicate insufficient light, as the plant stretches for illumination. A lack of climbing support can also contribute to smaller leaf size. Slow or stunted growth can result from inadequate light, nutrient deficiency, being root-bound, or improper watering.
Pests
Common houseplant pests include spider mites, mealybugs, and thrips. Regular inspection and treatment with organic methods like neem oil or insecticidal soap can manage these issues.