The Peekaboo Plant, scientifically known as Spilanthes acmella, is an herb recognized by several common names, including Toothache Plant, Electric Daisy, and Paracress. It is widely known for the unique numbing, tingling, and “electric” sensation it produces when its leaves or flowers are consumed. This unusual effect is primarily attributed to spilanthol, a compound that has made it a subject of traditional use across various cultures. Often described as a “buzz button” or “Sichuan button,” it offers a distinct sensory experience.
Growing Peekaboo Plant
The Peekaboo Plant is an herbaceous annual in most climates, growing 12 to 15 inches tall with a 24 to 30-inch spread. It thrives with specific environmental conditions, making it suitable for garden beds or containers. Understanding its needs for light, soil, water, temperature, and nutrition is important for successful cultivation.
Light
The Peekaboo Plant prefers full sun to partial shade. While it tolerates some partial shade, insufficient sunlight can hinder its growth and flowering. In tropical climates, afternoon shade can prevent the plant from drying out.
Soil
Well-draining, rich, and moist soil is ideal. The plant is susceptible to root rot, so good drainage is important. A soil pH between 6.1 and 6.5 is preferred, and peat moss can enhance drainage.
Water
Consistent moisture is important, especially during the growing season. While it requires regular watering, avoid waterlogging the soil. Allow the topsoil to dry slightly between waterings. Reduce irrigation during cooler months, as the plant dislikes overly saturated conditions.
Temperature and Humidity
The Peekaboo Plant thrives in warm temperatures, ideally 65 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit (18.3 to 29.4 degrees Celsius). It is sensitive to frost, acting as an annual in cooler climates and potentially perennial in warmer regions. High humidity, ideally above 85%, benefits growth and can be maintained through misting or grouping plants.
Fertilization
The Peekaboo Plant is a light feeder and does not require heavy fertilization. A balanced fertilizer (e.g., 5-10-10) can be applied every 4-6 weeks during the growing season. Alternatively, incorporating compost or other organic fertilizers around the plant’s base provides steady nutrients.
Propagation
The Peekaboo Plant can be propagated from seeds or stem cuttings. For seeds, sow indoors six weeks before the last frost, ensuring they are not covered as they need light for germination. Seeds sprout within one to two weeks. For stem cuttings, select a healthy cutting, remove lower leaves, and place in water or moist soil until roots develop.
Pests and Diseases
The Peekaboo Plant is hardy and not prone to severe pest or disease issues. Proper watering and good air circulation help prevent common fungal problems. While occasional insects may appear, the plant generally grows well, making it suitable for organic gardening practices.
Harvesting and Using Peekaboo Plant
Harvesting the Peekaboo Plant at the appropriate time ensures maximum potency and flavor. Both leaves and flowers offer the characteristic tingling sensation. The entire plant can be cut back to about 6 inches, allowing it to regrow for multiple harvests throughout the season.
Flowers and Leaves
The flowers, often called “buzz buttons,” contain the highest concentration of spilanthol, responsible for the numbing effect. Leaves can be harvested once the plant is several inches tall. For optimal potency, harvest flowers when the plant is in full bloom.
Culinary Use
The tingling and numbing sensation makes the Peekaboo Plant a unique culinary addition. It can be added to salads, cooked dishes, and beverages like cocktails or sorbets to impart its distinct effect. Leaves offer a subtle flavor, while flowers provide a more intense experience.
Traditional and Medicinal Use
Beyond culinary use, the Peekaboo Plant has traditional and medicinal applications. It is known as the “toothache plant” for its ability to temporarily numb tooth pain when chewed. Its compounds reduce pain perception and stimulate saliva production, aiding oral discomfort. Traditional uses also include treating gum infections, mouth ulcers, and promoting oral health due to its antimicrobial properties.
Safety and Considerations
While generally safe for consumption, especially as a flavoring or food, the Peekaboo Plant has considerations. The intensity of the tingling and numbing sensation varies among individuals and can be strong. This temporary effect might be overwhelming if not anticipated.
Allergies and Medications
Individuals with allergies to the daisy (Asteraceae) family should exercise caution. Due to its natural diuretic properties, the plant may have additive effects with diuretic medications. Consult a healthcare professional if taking such medications.
Pregnancy and Storage
Pregnant or nursing individuals should avoid the plant, as animal studies suggest potential effects on hormone levels or embryo development, though human data is limited. Proper handling and storage maintain quality and potency. Fresh leaves and flowers are most potent, but they can be dried and stored in airtight containers to preserve their numbing qualities.