The Night Blooming Cereus (Epiphyllum oxypetalum) is a unique houseplant known for its spectacular, fragrant flowers. These large, white blossoms open only at night, typically for a single night. Originating from Central and South American jungles, this plant, also called the Queen of the Night or orchid cactus, brings exotic beauty to indoor spaces.
Essential Growing Conditions
The Night Blooming Cereus thrives in bright, indirect light, mimicking its natural jungle habitat. An east or west-facing window is ideal, as direct afternoon sun can burn leaves, causing yellowing or reddish tints. A few hours of direct morning sunlight can also be beneficial.
Proper watering prevents issues like root rot. Use the “soak and dry” method: water deeply until it drains, then allow the soil to dry out several inches down before rewatering. Overwatering is detrimental, though these cacti tolerate some neglect. Water more frequently during spring and summer, and significantly reduce or stop watering for mature plants in winter.
This plant requires a well-draining, airy potting mix to prevent waterlogging. An orchid or cactus mix is suitable, often containing potting soil, perlite, and coarse sand. A good blend is two parts potting soil to one part perlite and one part coarse sand. This supports its epiphytic nature, as it naturally grows on trees.
These plants prefer typical household temperatures, thriving between 68 and 95 degrees Fahrenheit. Avoid exposing them to temperatures below 40 degrees Fahrenheit. Normal household humidity is usually sufficient, as the Night Blooming Cereus tolerates lower humidity. In very dry climates, occasional misting or a pebble tray can provide extra moisture.
Fertilizing for Optimal Growth
Fertilization supports the plant’s vigor and prepares it for blooming. A balanced, water-soluble fertilizer is suitable, with a formula higher in phosphorus often recommended for blooming. A 10-20-20 or 15-30-15 blend, emphasizing phosphorus and potassium, promotes flower production. High nitrogen fertilizers may lead to excessive foliage growth instead of blooms.
Apply fertilizer during the active growing season, from spring through early fall. Dilute the fertilizer to half strength to prevent over-fertilization and root damage. As winter approaches and growth slows, significantly reduce or cease fertilization until the next growing season.
Encouraging Night Blooms
Night Blooming Cereus plants typically flower when three to five years old. The large, fragrant, white flowers usually appear during summer, from May or June through October, with each bloom lasting only one night.
Proper light exposure is key for bud formation. While bright, indirect light is essential, a cooler, brighter location in late winter or early spring can initiate blooming. A winter chill period is crucial for consistent flowering. From November to March, night temperatures between 35 and 60 degrees Fahrenheit can trigger bloom development.
During this winter rest, significantly reduce watering, allowing the soil to go almost completely dry. Once flower buds form, resume regular watering. Adhering to these environmental cues increases the likelihood of experiencing the plant’s unique nocturnal display.
Repotting and Propagation
Repotting is necessary every two to three years, or when the plant becomes root-bound, which encourages better blooming. Choose a container only slightly larger than the previous one, as these plants flower best when roots are somewhat crowded. The best time for repotting is spring, before the active growing season.
Propagation is easily achieved through stem or leaf cuttings. Select a healthy stem or leaf section, 6 to 9 inches long. After cutting, allow the severed end to callus over in a warm, dry location for up to two weeks to prevent rot and encourage root formation.
Once callused, insert the end halfway into a well-draining rooting medium, like coarse sand and peat or cactus potting soil. Water sparingly, ensuring the soil does not remain soggy. Place the potted cutting in a cool, bright location to encourage root development, which can take a few months before new growth appears.
Resolving Common Issues
Yellowing leaves often signal an issue, potentially caused by overwatering leading to root rot, or too much direct sunlight. Ensure the soil dries out between waterings and provide bright, indirect light to mitigate this.
A lack of blooms, despite maturity, often relates to insufficient light, an inadequate winter dormancy, or the plant not being root-bound enough. Reassess light exposure, ensure a cool, dry winter rest, and allow the plant to be somewhat pot-bound to encourage flowering.
Night Blooming Cereus can occasionally encounter pests like mealybugs or spider mites. Regular inspection helps early detection. For minor infestations, wipe affected areas with a damp cloth or apply insecticidal soap.
Root rot is a prevalent issue, caused by overwatering and poor drainage. Symptoms include mushy leaves. To prevent this, use a well-draining potting mix and a pot with drainage holes. Adhere strictly to the soak and dry watering method, allowing the soil to dry thoroughly between waterings.