Portulacaria afra ‘Macrophylla’, or Large Leaf Elephant Bush, is a popular succulent known for its appealing appearance and minimal care. This resilient plant thrives with little intervention, making it a favored choice for both novice and experienced enthusiasts in various garden and indoor settings.
Identifying Large Leaf Elephant Bush
The Large Leaf Elephant Bush, Portulacaria afra ‘Macrophylla’, is distinguished by its noticeably larger, thicker leaves compared to the standard variety. Its emerald green leaves, up to 1 inch long, are plump, oval, glossy, and widely spaced along the stems. This succulent typically grows as an upright, bushy plant with thick, reddish-brown stems that mature to grayish. While it can reach 8 to 12 feet in its native habitat, it generally remains smaller when cultivated.
Cultivating Large Leaf Elephant Bush
Light Requirements
Large Leaf Elephant Bush thrives in bright light conditions, ranging from full sun to partial shade. Placing the plant in an area that receives at least six hours of sunlight daily is beneficial for its health and appearance. Insufficient light can lead to leggy growth, where stems become elongated and stretched as the plant reaches for more light. Conversely, too much intense, direct sunlight, especially in hot climates, can sometimes cause the leaves to develop a reddish or yellowish tint at their tips.
Watering Practices
Proper watering is fundamental for the health of this succulent, which stores water in its fleshy leaves and stems. The “soak and dry” method is recommended, meaning the soil should be allowed to dry out completely between waterings. Overwatering is a common issue, as it can lead to root rot and leaf drop, where leaves become soft, mushy, or discolored. While drought-tolerant, the plant still benefits from thorough watering, particularly during warmer growing seasons, with reduced frequency in winter.
Soil Preferences
Excellent drainage is paramount for Large Leaf Elephant Bush to prevent waterlogging and root rot. An ideal soil mix should be gritty and well-draining, such as a commercial succulent or cactus mix. Amending regular potting soil with materials like pumice, perlite, or coarse sand can enhance drainage and aeration. Using unglazed pottery can further assist in the evaporation of excess moisture from the soil.
Temperature and Humidity
This succulent prefers warm conditions and is hardy in USDA Zones 9a to 11. While it can tolerate some heat, it is not cold hardy and requires protection from temperatures below 25-30°F (-3.9 to -1.1°C), as frost can damage tip growth. Ideal daytime temperatures typically range from 70-85°F (21-29°C), with nighttime temperatures around 50-55°F (10-13°C). The plant has low humidity requirements.
Fertilization
Large Leaf Elephant Bush requires minimal fertilization. Fertilize sparingly, primarily during its active growing season in spring and summer. Using a diluted, balanced liquid fertilizer formulated for succulents can provide necessary nutrients. Avoid fertilizing during the plant’s dormant winter period.
Pruning for Shape and Health
Regular pruning helps maintain the desired shape and encourages bushier growth. This plant responds well to pruning, often producing new growth wherever branches or leaves are removed. Pruning can also involve removing any dead, damaged, or diseased branches to promote overall plant health. When pruning, it is advisable to cut just above a node, as this is where new growth typically emerges.
Propagating Large Leaf Elephant Bush
Propagating Large Leaf Elephant Bush from stem cuttings is straightforward. Take a healthy 3-4 inch cutting from a mature plant using clean shears. Allow the cutting to dry and “callus over” for several days to form a protective seal, preventing rot.
Plant the callused cutting into a well-draining succulent or cactus mix, ensuring at least one node is buried. Place in a warm location with bright, indirect light and water sparingly until roots establish, typically within 1-3 weeks.
Common Problems and Solutions
Leaf drop is a frequent issue, often signaling improper watering. Overwatering causes leaves to swell, soften, and fall, while underwatering leads to shriveled or dry leaves that also drop. Adjust watering frequency to allow soil to dry completely between sessions.
Sudden changes in light, temperature, or humidity can also cause leaves to drop as the plant adjusts. Maintain a consistent environment to mitigate this stress.
Pests like mealybugs and scale insects can weaken the plant. Regularly inspect and treat infestations with horticultural oil or insecticidal soap.
Versatile Uses in Landscaping and Indoors
Portulacaria afra ‘Macrophylla’ offers diverse applications in outdoor and indoor settings due to its drought tolerance and attractive appearance. In landscaping, it is an excellent choice for xeriscaping and rock gardens, where its low water needs make it sustainable. Its dense growth habit also contributes to soil erosion prevention.
This plant performs well in containers, serving as a striking specimen or mixed with other drought-tolerant plants. Indoors, it thrives as a houseplant, particularly near a sunny window.
The Large Leaf Elephant Bush is also popular for bonsai. Its woody stems and ability to be shaped through pruning make it suitable for various styles.