Euphorbia schoenlandii is a captivating succulent. Known as Compass Barrelwort or Compass Milkbarrel, this species stands out with its distinct form. Its resilience and striking appearance make it a fascinating subject for both novice and experienced plant enthusiasts.
Identifying Euphorbia schoenlandii
Euphorbia schoenlandii is recognized by its cylindrical stem, which is typically solitary, reaching up to 20 inches (50 cm) tall and 3 inches (7.5 cm) in diameter. Its stem is covered with spirally arranged, conical tubercles, giving it a textured appearance. These features contribute to its unique, sometimes pineapple-like, look.
A notable characteristic is its tendency to point slightly northward, earning it the name “Compass Plant.” This slow-growing plant’s distinctive shape makes it a focal point.
Natural Habitat and Origin
Euphorbia schoenlandii is native to the diverse landscapes of South Africa. It thrives specifically in the sandveld areas, where it is found growing in deep red aeolian sands. These regions, located along or near the South African west coast, provide a unique environment for the plant.
Its natural habitat is arid to semi-arid, growing in open fields, often on beach sand, suggesting a preference for well-drained soil. The climate experiences winter rain and fog, followed by summer drought, shaping its adaptive features.
Comprehensive Care Guide
Caring for Euphorbia schoenlandii involves understanding its specific needs, influenced by its natural arid origins. Providing the right conditions ensures healthy, long-lived growth.
Light
Euphorbia schoenlandii thrives in bright light and prefers full sun exposure. When grown indoors, placing it in a sunny window is ideal. For outdoor cultivation, gradually acclimate the plant to full sun to prevent sunburn, especially if it has been in a shadier spot. At least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight daily is recommended for robust growth.
Soil
This succulent requires well-drained soil to prevent root rot. A commercial succulent or cactus mix is suitable, or create your own by incorporating perlite or coarse sand to improve drainage and aeration. The soil should allow water to pass through quickly, mimicking its natural sandy habitat.
Watering
Water Euphorbia schoenlandii sparingly, allowing the soil to dry completely between waterings. Overwatering causes root rot. During its active growing season (spring to fall), water when the top inch (2.5 cm) of soil feels dry. In winter, during dormancy, significantly reduce watering to prevent wilting. Watering in the evening during warm periods is often best.
Temperature and Humidity
Euphorbia schoenlandii prefers warm temperatures, ideally ranging between 65°F to 85°F (18°C to 29°C). It is sensitive to frost and should be protected from temperatures below 30°F (-1°C). While it can tolerate temperatures as low as 25°F (-3.9°C) in USDA hardiness zones 9b to 11b, consistent cold is damaging. This plant prefers low humidity levels, reflecting its arid native conditions.
Fertilization
Euphorbia schoenlandii is not a heavy feeder and does not require frequent fertilization. During the growing season (spring and summer), apply a balanced fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10 NPK) diluted to one-quarter strength weekly, or a diluted cactus fertilizer every 4 to 6 weeks. Avoid fertilizing during its dormant winter.
Repotting
Repotting Euphorbia schoenlandii is not a yearly task due to its slow growth. Repot only when the plant has outgrown its container and its roots fill the pot. The best time is early spring, at the start of the growing season, providing fresh potting mix. Choose a pot only slightly larger than the previous one to avoid excessive moisture retention and root rot.
Propagation
Propagating Euphorbia schoenlandii can be done through stem cuttings or seeds; cuttings are generally easier and faster. When taking cuttings, use a clean, sharp knife and allow the cut end to dry and callus for at least a week before planting to prevent rot. Plant callused cuttings in a well-draining mix of potting soil and sand. Seeds can be difficult to germinate but can be sown in spring in a mix of coarse sand and commercial seed mix.
Important Safety and Conservation Notes
Like other Euphorbia species, Euphorbia schoenlandii produces a milky white sap (latex) when cut or damaged. This sap can irritate skin and eyes and is toxic if ingested. When handling, wear gloves and eye protection to avoid contact.
Currently classified as “Vulnerable” on the Red List of South African Plants, Euphorbia schoenlandii populations face threats primarily from habitat destruction. Agricultural expansion and urban development in its native South African sandveld areas contribute to the loss of its natural environment. Conservation efforts are important to protect this unique succulent.