Euphorbia lactea, often mistaken for a true cactus, is a distinctive succulent prized for its striking appearance. Known as Mottled Spurge, Dragon Bones, or Milkstripe Euphorbia, this plant features unique green and white marbled stems. Its upright, candelabra-like growth habit adds a sculptural element, making it a popular choice. Native to tropical Asia, this plant adapts well to indoor environments when its specific care requirements are met.
Essential Care for Euphorbia Lactea
Light Requirements
Euphorbia lactea thrives in bright light, ideally receiving at least six hours of sunlight daily. While it benefits from direct morning sun, protect it from intense afternoon sun to prevent scorching. Insufficient light causes etiolation, making the plant leggy. Too much direct, harsh light can cause sunburn, resulting in discolored patches. Optimal lighting is often found near an east-facing window or a south/west-facing window filtered by sheer curtains.
Watering Practices
Watering Euphorbia lactea requires deep but infrequent hydration; allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings to prevent issues. Overwatering commonly leads to root rot, causing mushy stems and yellowing foliage, potentially destroying the plant. Underwatering can cause the plant to wrinkle and wilt, though it typically recovers more readily from drought than from excessive moisture. During the active growing season (spring to fall), water once a week. Reduce frequency drastically in winter, to once a month or less.
Ideal Soil Mix
A well-draining, gritty soil mix is important for Euphorbia lactea to prevent waterlogging. Standard cactus or succulent potting mixes are suitable, formulated for rapid drainage. For enhanced drainage, add components like perlite, pumice, or coarse sand.
Temperature and Humidity
Euphorbia lactea prefers warm temperatures, ideally 60-90°F (15-32°C). It is sensitive to cold; protect it from temperatures below 40°F (4°C) and cold drafts, as frost can cause damage. This succulent tolerates typical household humidity and does not require high humidity. Place the plant in areas with good air circulation, away from extreme temperature fluctuations like air conditioning vents.
Fertilization
Euphorbia lactea is not a heavy feeder and benefits from infrequent fertilization. During its active growing season (spring to summer), apply a balanced succulent or cactus fertilizer. Dilute the fertilizer as directed to prevent burn. Fertilize once a month during this period, avoiding it entirely during dormant winter months.
Potting and Repotting
Selecting a pot with adequate drainage holes is important for Euphorbia lactea to ensure excess water escapes. While these plants prefer to be slightly root-bound, repotting is necessary every two to three years or when the plant outgrows its container. The best time for repotting is in spring, just before the growing season.
Choose a slightly larger container to avoid overpotting. Carefully remove the plant, gently loosen any circling roots, and replant at the same depth in fresh, well-draining soil. After repotting, wait a few days before watering to allow any root damage to heal.
Common Issues and Solutions
Root rot is a common problem for Euphorbia lactea, identified by mushy stems, yellowing foliage, and stunted growth. It results from overwatering or poorly draining soil; solutions include adjusting watering and ensuring proper soil and pot drainage. For existing rot, remove affected portions and allow the plant to dry before replanting in fresh soil.
Pests like mealybugs and spider mites can affect Euphorbia lactea. Mealybugs appear as white, fuzzy bumps on stems, while spider mites can cause webbing and small brown spots from feeding. Both can be treated with rubbing alcohol or insecticidal soap.
Lack of growth can stem from insufficient light or nutrient deficiencies. Adequate bright light and diluted fertilizer during the growing season can stimulate growth. Discoloration or softening indicates overwatering or extreme temperatures. Adjusting watering and protecting the plant from environmental extremes are effective remedies.
Safety When Handling
Euphorbia lactea produces a milky white sap, known as latex, which is toxic and can cause irritation. This sap can lead to skin irritation. If it enters the eyes, it can cause severe inflammation. It is also toxic if ingested. Wear protective gloves and eye protection when handling the plant, especially during repotting or pruning. Should contact occur, wash the affected area with soap and water, and seek medical attention if sap enters the eyes or is ingested. Keep the plant out of reach of children and pets.