The Euphorbia horrida ‘Major Nova’ is a distinctive succulent, highly valued by enthusiasts for its unique and sculptural appearance. Often called the African Barrel Cactus due to its columnar form, this plant belongs to the diverse Euphorbia genus. Its low maintenance requirements make it a popular addition to succulent collections. Originating from arid regions of South Africa, this variety showcases a robust structure and captivating coloration.
Understanding Euphorbia Horrida Major Nova
Euphorbia horrida ‘Major Nova’ stands out with its prominent columnar growth and heavily ribbed, thick stems. These cylindrical stems often display a bluish-green to gray-green hue, sometimes adorned with white and green stripes. The surface may also have a powdery, glaucous coating. Its most striking characteristic is the sharp, reddish-brown to gray spines, which can grow up to 1 inch long and are arranged along the deeply ridged ribs. This plant typically grows in clumps, forming upright columns that can reach heights of 3 to 5 feet when mature.
Cultivation and Care
Light Requirements
Euphorbia horrida ‘Major Nova’ thrives in bright light, favoring full sun to partial shade. Indoors, place it near a sunny window for ample light. While it tolerates direct sunlight, gradual acclimation prevents sunburn, especially in intensely hot climates. Insufficient light can lead to etiolation, where the stem elongates and loses its compact shape.
Watering Needs
This succulent is drought-tolerant and requires infrequent watering, preferring its soil to dry out completely between sessions. Use a “soak and dry” method: water deeply until it drains, then allow the soil to become thoroughly dry before watering again. Overwatering poses a significant risk, potentially leading to root rot, to which this plant is highly susceptible. During the dormant winter period, reduce watering significantly.
Soil Preferences
Optimal growth for Euphorbia horrida ‘Major Nova’ relies on well-draining soil. A specialized cactus or succulent mix is recommended to prevent water accumulation around the roots. Incorporate mineral grit, such as perlite, pumice, or coarse sand, at a ratio of 50% to 75% of the mix, to enhance drainage. The potting container should always have drainage holes for proper water runoff.
Temperature and Humidity
This plant prefers warm temperatures, ideally 65°F to 85°F (18–29°C). It tolerates cooler temperatures down to about 50°F (10°C) but needs protection from frost. Euphorbia horrida ‘Major Nova’ performs best in dry conditions, as it is sensitive to excessive moisture. Ensuring good air circulation helps maintain its health in less arid environments.
Fertilization
Fertilization is not strictly necessary for Euphorbia horrida ‘Major Nova’, but it can encourage vigorous growth. If chosen, apply a diluted cactus fertilizer during the active growing season (spring and summer). A low-nitrogen or balanced succulent fertilizer is suitable, always diluted to half or quarter strength to prevent nutrient burn. Avoid fertilizing during the plant’s dormant period.
Propagating Euphorbia Horrida Major Nova
Propagating Euphorbia horrida ‘Major Nova’ is primarily achieved through stem cuttings during the active growing season. Select a healthy stem section and use a clean, sharp knife to make the cut. Allow the severed end to callus over for several days to a week; this prevents rot when planted.
Once callused, plant the cutting in a well-draining soil mix, similar to the adult plant’s medium. Applying a rooting hormone can encourage faster root development, though not always necessary. Keep the soil slightly moist but not wet until roots establish, which can take several weeks. Provide bright, indirect light during this rooting phase.
Common Issues and Solutions
While generally resilient, Euphorbia horrida ‘Major Nova’ can encounter pest and disease challenges. Mealybugs and spider mites are common pests. For mealybugs, dab them with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol. Spider mites can be managed by rinsing the plant with a strong water stream or applying insecticidal soap.
Fungal diseases, such as stem rot, can occur from prolonged excessive moisture. If rot is detected, promptly remove affected plant parts with a sterile cutting tool. Ensure the plant is in well-draining soil and adjust watering practices to allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings. Good air circulation also helps prevent fungal issues.
Safety Precautions
Euphorbia horrida ‘Major Nova’ produces a milky white sap, known as latex, which is toxic and can cause skin irritation or allergic reactions. When handling the plant, especially during pruning, repotting, or propagation, wear protective gloves and eye protection. If sap contacts skin, wash the area thoroughly with soap and water. In case of eye contact, immediately flush with plenty of water and seek medical attention. Keep this plant out of reach of children and pets.