The Empress of China Plant (Clerodendrum trichotomum) is a distinctive and attractive specimen for landscapes. Its striking features and fragrance make it a favored choice, providing a focal point in garden designs.
Plant Characteristics
This plant typically grows as a large deciduous shrub or small tree, reaching 10 to 20 feet tall with a similar spread. It often develops a multi-stemmed habit but can be trained into a single-trunk tree. Its ovate leaves, up to 5 inches long, have a soft, downy texture and emit a peanut-like scent when crushed.
In late summer to early fall, it produces clusters of fragrant, tubular white flowers with prominent stamens. After flowering, small, bright blue, pea-sized fruits (drupes) develop. These berries are encased by a fleshy, star-shaped red calyx that persists and intensifies in color as the fruit matures. The plant is hardy in USDA Zones 7 through 10, tolerating temperatures down to approximately 5°F (-15°C).
Growing Conditions and Care
Light Needs
The Empress of China Plant thrives in full sun to partial shade, with optimal flowering in sunnier spots. While it tolerates partial shade, excessive shade can lead to a less dense growth habit. In hotter climates, protect it from intense afternoon sun to prevent leaf scorch.
Soil Requirements
This plant prefers organically rich, well-drained soil that retains moisture without becoming waterlogged. Loamy soil is suitable, and good drainage prevents root rot. It performs best in soils with a pH from slightly acidic to neutral, typically between 5.5 and 7.0.
Watering
Regular watering is important, especially during establishment and dry spells. Keep the soil moderately moist, allowing the top layer to dry partially between waterings. Deep watering encourages strong roots. Yellowing or dropping leaves indicate insufficient moisture. Mulching around the base helps conserve soil moisture and regulate temperature.
Temperature and Humidity
The Empress of China Plant adapts to a range of temperatures, thriving in moderate conditions between 59°F (15°C) and 95°F (35°C). While hardy in its recommended zones, protect young plants from severe frost. It prefers moderate humidity but adapts to various climates if watering needs are met.
Fertilizing
For healthy growth and abundant flowering, fertilize the Empress of China Plant during its active growing season. Apply a balanced fertilizer every 4 to 6 weeks, or a single application of slow-release fertilizer in early spring. Phosphorus-rich fertilizers promote increased flower production.
Pruning and Maintenance
Pruning helps maintain the Empress of China Plant’s shape, size, and overall health. Prune significantly in late winter or early spring before new growth emerges. Remove dead, damaged, or crossing branches to improve air circulation and structure.
Light summer pruning can remove spent flowers or shape the plant. Remove root suckers seasonally in spring and fall to maintain a controlled appearance. Consistent pruning encourages bushier growth and more prolific flowering.
Propagation
The Empress of China Plant can be propagated by seeds, stem cuttings, and division of root suckers. Seeds are sown in a greenhouse soon after collection. Germination can be erratic, taking 20 to 60 days, and may benefit from cold stratification followed by warm temperatures; seeds should be barely covered as light may aid germination.
Softwood cuttings taken in late spring or early summer are successful. Dip cuttings in rooting hormone and place in moist, well-draining potting mix under indirect light until roots develop. Dividing root suckers, especially in the dormant season, allows direct planting into permanent locations.
Common Issues
The Empress of China Plant is generally robust and not typically prone to severe pest or disease problems. However, it can occasionally encounter issues. Common pests like mealybugs, spider mites, or whiteflies may occur, especially if the plant is stressed or grown in less-than-ideal conditions.
Pest activity symptoms include distorted foliage, sticky residue, or visible insects. Honey fungus is a rare but possible disease. A common challenge is its tendency to spread aggressively via vigorous root suckers if not regularly managed.