The crocodile fern (Microsorum musifolium ‘Crocodyllus’) captivates with its distinctive, textured foliage. Its vibrant green leaves feature raised veins and a unique pattern resembling a crocodile’s scaly skin. This visually striking plant adds an exotic touch to any indoor plant collection, making it a popular choice for enthusiasts seeking something unusual.
Essential Care Requirements
Light
Crocodile ferns thrive in bright, indirect light, mimicking their natural habitat beneath a forest canopy. Avoid direct sunlight, which can scorch delicate fronds, causing discoloration or brown spots. Ideal locations include near an east-facing window for gentle morning light, a north-facing window, or several feet from a filtered south or west-facing window.
Watering
Consistent soil moisture is important for crocodile ferns, but avoid waterlogging. Water when the top inch of soil feels dry. Water thoroughly until it drains from the pot’s bottom. Using lukewarm, filtered, or distilled water is beneficial, especially if tap water contains high levels of chlorine or minerals.
Humidity
Due to their tropical origins, crocodile ferns require high humidity, ideally 60-70%. Low humidity often causes browning leaf tips or edges. To increase humidity, place the pot on a pebble tray filled with water; the evaporating water creates a localized humid microclimate. Grouping the fern with other plants or using a small room humidifier also helps.
Temperature
Crocodile ferns prefer warm, stable temperatures, ideally 60-75°F (15-24°C). Protect them from cold drafts and sudden fluctuations, which cause stress. Temperatures should not drop below 50°F (10°C), as this can lead to stunted growth or cold damage. Consistent warmth supports optimal growth.
Soil
A well-draining, aerated, and rich organic potting mix is best suited for crocodile ferns. Components like peat moss or coco coir, perlite or pumice, and orchid bark promote good air circulation and retain adequate moisture. This mix prevents compaction and fungal issues. A soil blend designed for orchids or ferns is also an excellent choice.
Fertilizing
During the active growing season (typically spring and summer), crocodile ferns benefit from regular fertilization. Apply a balanced, water-soluble liquid fertilizer, diluted to half or quarter strength, about once a month. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can lead to salt buildup and potentially harm the plant. Reduce or stop fertilizing during fall and winter when growth naturally slows.
Maintaining Your Plant’s Health
Repotting
Crocodile ferns generally do not require frequent repotting, often preferring to be slightly root-bound. Signs that indicate a need for repotting include roots circling the pot or growth slowing significantly. Repot every two to three years, or when the plant outgrows its container. Select a new pot only one to two inches larger in diameter, ensuring it has drainage holes. Gently remove the plant, inspect roots for brown or mushy sections, and place it in fresh, well-draining soil at the same depth.
Propagation
Propagate crocodile ferns through rhizome division, best undertaken during spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing. Carefully remove the plant from its pot and gently separate natural divisions. Each section chosen should have several fronds and a healthy root system. Replant divisions into individual pots with suitable, well-draining potting mix, watering thoroughly to settle the soil.
Troubleshooting Common Problems
Pests and Diseases
Crocodile ferns can be susceptible to common houseplant pests like spider mites and mealybugs, especially in dry conditions. Spider mites cause yellowing leaves and fine webbing; mealybugs appear as white, cottony masses. Treatment involves increasing humidity, rinsing leaves, or applying insecticidal soap or neem oil. Fungal issues like root rot are primarily caused by overwatering or poor drainage, leading to mushy roots and wilting leaves. Ensure proper drainage and allow topsoil to dry slightly between waterings to prevent these problems.
Leaf Discoloration and Other Issues
Browning leaf tips or edges often signal low humidity or inconsistent watering. Yellowing leaves typically indicate overwatering or inadequate drainage, though they can also suggest a nutrient deficiency. Limp or drooping leaves may suggest underwatering, causing wilting, or root rot from excessive moisture. A lack of new growth can stem from insufficient light or a need for fertilization during the growing season. Adjusting care routines based on these symptoms can help restore vitality.