Lophophora williamsii forma cristata is a horticultural curiosity resulting from a rare genetic mutation. This mutation causes the plant’s apical meristem (growth point) to spread in a line instead of forming the typical solitary crown. This results in a fan-like, convoluted, or brain-like structure. Cultivating this slow-growing cactus requires specialized care.
Lophophora williamsii is classified as a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States due to the psychoactive compound mescaline. Possession and cultivation are illegal under federal law for most individuals, though an exemption exists for members of the Native American Church. Potential cultivators must check all specific local, state, and federal laws before acquiring or growing this plant.
Essential Environmental Setup
Crested peyote requires a fast-draining, overwhelmingly mineral-based substrate. The ideal soil should contain no more than 10% to 20% organic material, favoring inorganic components like pumice, coarse sand, and horticultural grit. Crushed limestone is beneficial because it provides essential calcium and maintains a basic pH level, reflecting the plant’s natural habitat. A deep pot is recommended to accommodate the plant’s large taproot, which functions as a water storage organ.
The light requirement for L. williamsii ‘cristata’ is bright but indirect. Strong, direct midday sun can cause sun scorch and discoloration. Since these cacti often grow partially shaded beneath desert shrubs in nature, filtered light is preferred. A south-facing window with a sheer curtain or a greenhouse providing bright, diffused light is suitable.
Temperature management is important, as the plant requires a winter dormancy period for optimal health. During the growing season, temperatures between 64°F and 86°F are ideal, though the plant can tolerate heat over 100°F if well-watered. For dormancy, the plant should be kept cool, preferably below 40°F, and must remain completely dry. Freezing temperatures combined with moisture will cause cell damage and death.
Watering and Nutritional Protocols
The watering protocol is dictated by the seasons and must be approached with caution, as overwatering is the most common cause of death. During the active growing season (late spring through early autumn), water thoroughly until it drains from the pot’s bottom. The soil must dry out completely between waterings; it is best to err on the side of underwatering.
The crested form has a heightened risk for fungal rot because its convoluted structure creates crevices where moisture can linger. This requires a stricter drying period between waterings compared to the standard form. From mid-fall to early spring, when the plant is dormant, watering should cease almost entirely. If the plant begins to noticeably shrink or wrinkle, provide only a small amount of water to prevent complete desiccation.
Fertilization is not strictly required but can support robust growth during the summer. Use a low-nitrogen formula, such as a 2-7-7 blend, as high nitrogen content causes rapid growth, leading to splitting and cracking. Apply this dilute fertilizer sparingly, perhaps once a month during the peak growing period. Over-fertilizing must be avoided, as it can cause the plant to develop cracks.
Specialized Management of Crested Growth
Crested growth introduces unique structural challenges requiring specialized care. The dense, irregular mass lacks the stable geometry of a normal cactus, often leading to structural instability as the plant increases in size and weight. Repotting must be done carefully to ensure the heavy, convoluted head is centered and well-supported by the granular substrate. Uneven weight distribution may require external support or a wider, shallow pot to prevent tipping.
Reversion is a common occurrence where a section of the fan-like growth attempts to revert to the species’ normal, solitary pattern. These normal heads, or offsets, should be removed promptly with a sterilized, sharp tool if the crested form’s appearance is to be maintained. Allowing normal growth to remain can redirect the plant’s energy away from the less vigorous crested tissue.
Grafting is frequently employed to accelerate the growth and ensure the survival of the slow-growing crested form. A crested peyote scion can be fused onto a robust rootstock from a faster-growing cactus, such as Trichocereus or Myrtillocactus. This procedure bypasses the crested plant’s weak root system, allowing the scion to rapidly draw water and nutrients. The increased growth rate results in a larger specimen and provides a more stable base for the irregular crested head.
Identifying and Treating Common Ailments
Fungal rot is the greatest threat, primarily caused by excessive moisture, high humidity, or poor air circulation. Rot manifests as soft, mushy spots or discoloration (yellow, brown, or black), typically starting at the base or roots. If detected early, the infected tissue must be surgically removed using a sterilized knife until only clean, healthy tissue remains. The remaining healthy section should be allowed to callous and dry for several days before being replanted in fresh, dry, well-draining soil.
Pests are a common issue, with spider mites and mealybugs being the most prevalent. Spider mites cause fine webbing and stippling on the surface, while mealybugs appear as small, white, cottony masses, often hidden in the creases of the crested growth. Upon identification, the affected plant should be isolated immediately to prevent the spread of pests.
Mealybugs can be treated by carefully dabbing each visible pest with a cotton swab soaked in isopropyl alcohol. For widespread infestations of either pest, an application of insecticidal soap or neem oil is effective. Ensuring good air circulation and maintaining a drier environment helps prevent both fungal issues and the proliferation of pests.