Coral Bells (Heuchera) are popular perennial North American natives. They are valued primarily for their striking, diverse foliage, which ranges in color from deep purple and bronze to lime green and silver. Coral Bells form neat, mounding clumps that provide season-long color and texture to the garden landscape. They are hardy across USDA Zones 4 through 9.
Site Selection and Soil Preparation
Successful establishment begins with selecting the appropriate location, usually partial shade. While some modern cultivars tolerate more sun, intense afternoon sunlight can scorch the leaves, especially in warmer climates. The ideal spot receives morning sun and is sheltered from the harsh, direct heat of the midday and afternoon hours.
Excellent soil drainage is the most important factor, as Coral Bells are highly susceptible to crown and root rot in soggy conditions. They prefer a moist, rich soil composition with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (5.5 to 7.0). Before planting, incorporate generous amounts of organic matter, such as compost, into the planting area. This improves soil structure, enhancing both drainage and nutrient retention.
When planting, position the root crown—the point where the roots meet the stem—so it sits just at or slightly above the soil surface. Burying the crown is a common error that quickly leads to rot and plant failure.
Watering and Feeding Requirements
Maintaining consistent soil moisture is necessary, especially for newly planted Coral Bells. Deep, infrequent watering is preferred for established plants, encouraging a robust root system. Allow the top inch or two of soil to dry slightly between waterings. Signs of over-watering include yellowing leaves, while wilting or browning edges indicate under-watering or excessive sun exposure.
During periods of drought or high heat, supplemental watering is necessary to prevent stress. Watering should be directed at the base of the plant to keep the foliage dry. This helps to minimize the risk of fungal diseases like powdery mildew.
Coral Bells are light feeders and do not require heavy fertilization if the soil has been properly amended. If a boost is desired, apply a balanced, slow-release granular fertilizer once in the early spring as new growth emerges. Avoid over-fertilizing, particularly with high-nitrogen formulas, as this can lead to weak growth that is more vulnerable to pests and disease.
Seasonal Pruning and Long-Term Care
Routine maintenance includes deadheading the spent flower stalks after the blooms fade, which redirects energy toward producing vibrant foliage. Removing these tall stems at their base keeps the plant tidy and may encourage a small rebloom. Damaged or ragged leaves, particularly those leftover from winter, should be pruned away in early spring before new growth starts.
Coral Bells are relatively short-lived perennials, and their clumps tend to become woody or less vigorous after a few years. Division is necessary every three to five years to maintain health and vigor. The best time for this rejuvenation is in the early spring or fall when temperatures are cooler.
To divide the plant, gently dig up the entire clump and separate the outer, more vigorous sections, discarding the old, woody center. Each new section should possess several healthy growing points and a portion of the root system. Replant the divisions immediately, ensuring the crown is just at the soil level, and water them thoroughly to help them establish.
Common issues include slugs and snails, which chew holes in the leaves, and root weevils. Ensuring good air circulation helps prevent fungal issues. In colder regions, Coral Bells are susceptible to “frost heaving,” where freeze-thaw cycles push the shallow root crown out of the ground. Applying organic mulch in late fall helps insulate the roots and prevent heaving, but keep the mulch a few inches away from the crown to prevent rot.