The Copper King Cactus, scientifically known as Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. inermis, is a distinctive succulent known for its unique appearance and striking blooms. This variant is notable for its relatively spineless nature, making it a popular choice for collectors.
Identifying Copper King Cactus
This cactus is characterized by its cylindrical, ribbed stems, which display a green to bluish-green hue. It grows in dense, clumping formations, with individual stems reaching up to 2 feet in height and 3 inches in diameter. The name “inermis” signifies its unarmed nature, meaning it has very few or reduced spines, distinguishing it from other spiny Echinocereus varieties. Its large, cup-shaped flowers emerge in late spring to early summer. These blooms are brilliant red or orange and emerge directly from the plant’s skin rather than from areoles.
Essential Care Guide
Light Requirements
The Copper King Cactus thrives in bright conditions, requiring substantial sunlight to encourage flowering and healthy growth. Providing at least six hours of direct sunlight daily is ideal for growth. When grown indoors, a south-facing window is an ideal location to ensure it receives ample light. Insufficient light can lead to etiolation, resulting in weak, elongated stems.
Watering Needs
This cactus requires infrequent watering, following a “soak and dry” method. Water thoroughly, allowing excess water to drain completely, then permit the soil to dry out entirely before the next watering. During the active growing season in spring and summer, watering may be more frequent, every two to three weeks. In winter, during its dormancy, significantly reduce watering, or cease it altogether.
Soil and Potting
A well-draining soil mix is essential for the Copper King Cactus. A commercial cactus or succulent potting mix is suitable, or you can create your own by blending regular potting soil with coarse sand, perlite, or pumice. The potting container must have drainage holes. Terracotta pots are recommended as their porous nature promotes quicker soil drying.
Temperature and Humidity
The Copper King Cactus prefers temperatures between 64°F and 86°F (18°C and 30°C). While generally preferring warmth, some varieties can tolerate brief periods of cold down to -25°C. It is sensitive to prolonged frost and should be protected when temperatures drop below 41°F (5°C). Low humidity levels are preferred, as high humidity can contribute to fungal problems.
Fertilization
Fertilization is not essential for the Copper King Cactus, as it can thrive in lean soil conditions. If fertilizing, apply a balanced, low-nitrogen liquid fertilizer at half strength once a month during its active growing season in spring and summer. Avoid fertilizing during the winter dormancy period to prevent root burn.
Repotting
Repotting is needed every two to three years, or when the cactus has outgrown its current container. Select a pot that is only slightly larger than the previous one. When repotting, handle the cactus with care to avoid damaging its root system. It is best to repot during the warmer growing months for quick establishment.
Propagating Copper King Cactus
Propagating the Copper King Cactus can be achieved through offsets or seeds. Offsets, or “pups,” are small plantlets that develop around the base of the parent cactus. To propagate, carefully remove these offsets, allowing the cut end to dry and form a callus for several days before planting. Callusing prevents rot.
Once callused, plant the offset in a well-draining cactus mix. Water it sparingly until new roots begin to establish, which takes a few weeks. Growing from seeds is also possible, though more time-intensive. Seeds should be sown on the surface of a gritty, well-draining soil mix and lightly covered with a thin layer of sand. Maintain consistent warmth, around 70°F (21°C), and keep the soil lightly moist until germination occurs.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
Root rot is a common problem, typically resulting from overwatering. This can be mitigated by allowing the soil to dry completely between waterings and ensuring adequate pot drainage. If signs of rot appear, such as mushy stems, promptly remove affected parts to prevent further spread.
Elongated or weak growth indicates insufficient light. Moving the cactus to a brighter location with more direct sunlight corrects this, promoting compact development. Lack of flowering can be attributed to inadequate light or warmth, especially without a cool, dry winter period. Optimal light exposure and a distinct dormant phase encourage more prolific blooming.