Caladiums, often called “Angel Wings” or “Elephant Ear” due to their large, heart-shaped leaves, are popular foliage plants. They offer a vibrant display of colors, including shades of red, pink, white, and green, often with intricate patterns and contrasting veins. Primarily grown for their ornamental leaves, their striking appearance adds a tropical touch to indoor and outdoor spaces, providing continuous visual interest throughout the growing season.
Caladium Care Requirements
Light
Caladiums thrive in bright, indirect light, which helps maintain their vibrant leaf coloration. While some newer varieties tolerate more sun, most prefer partial to full shade, especially during the hottest parts of the day. Direct, intense sunlight can scorch delicate leaves, causing brown spots or faded colors. Filtered light, such as under a tree canopy or near a north-facing window, is ideal.
Watering
Consistent moisture is important for healthy Caladium growth, but avoid waterlogging. Water thoroughly when the top inch or two of soil feels dry, allowing excess water to drain. Overwatering causes tuber rot, while underwatering leads to wilting and browning leaves. Check soil moisture regularly with a finger to determine needs.
Soil
Caladiums thrive in a well-draining, loose, and rich soil mix. A slightly acidic to neutral pH (5.5-6.5) is preferred. Incorporating organic matter like compost or peat moss improves soil structure, drainage, and nutrient retention. For containers, use a high-quality potting mix formulated for houseplants or tropical plants.
Temperature and Humidity
Caladiums are tropical plants that prefer warm conditions, thriving above 65°F (18°C). They are sensitive to cold and will stop growing or enter dormancy if temperatures drop too low. High humidity levels contribute to lush foliage. For indoor plants, increase humidity by placing a humidifier nearby or grouping plants together.
Fertilizing
During their active growing season (spring through early fall), Caladiums benefit from light fertilization. Apply a balanced liquid fertilizer, diluted to half strength, every 2-4 weeks. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can lead to salt buildup and damage roots. Reduce or stop fertilization as the plant enters dormancy.
Planting Caladium Bulbs
When and Where to Plant
Plant Caladium bulbs when soil temperatures consistently remain above 65°F (18°C), typically after the last spring frost. This usually means planting outdoors from late spring through early summer. For an early start, plant bulbs indoors 4-6 weeks before the last expected frost. Choose a location with preferred light conditions, such as a shaded garden bed or patio container.
How to Plant
When planting Caladium bulbs, identify the “eyes” or growth points (small bumps or rings) and ensure they face upwards. Plant bulbs 1.5 to 2 inches deep, ensuring they are well covered. Space individual bulbs 6 to 12 inches apart, depending on desired density and mature size. After planting, water thoroughly to settle the soil.
Winter Dormancy and Bulb Storage
Preparing for Dormancy
Caladiums naturally enter dormancy as temperatures cool and daylight hours shorten, typically in late fall or early winter. As the plant prepares, its foliage will yellow and die back. Gradually reduce watering at this stage, allowing the soil to dry completely.
Storing Caladium Bulbs
Once foliage has withered, carefully dig up bulbs, avoiding damage. Brush off excess soil and air dry them in a warm, well-ventilated area for about a week (curing). After curing, store dry bulbs in a cool, dark, dry location, such as a basement or garage, where temperatures remain above 50°F (10°C). Pack bulbs in peat moss, vermiculite, or sawdust to prevent moisture loss until the next planting season.
Troubleshooting Common Caladium Issues
Leaf Discoloration
Yellowing Caladium leaves indicate overwatering or poor drainage, which can lead to root rot. Brown leaf edges signal low humidity, underwatering, or sunburn from excessive direct light. Dull or less vibrant colors suggest insufficient indirect light. Adjusting watering, providing adequate humidity, or repositioning the plant can resolve these issues.
Pests
Caladiums are generally pest-resistant, but spider mites or aphids may occasionally appear, especially on indoor plants. Spider mites manifest as tiny webs or a dusty appearance on leaf undersides. Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects clustering on new growth. A gentle spray of insecticidal soap or a strong stream of water can dislodge and control these pests. Regular leaf inspection aids early detection and management.