Bursera fagaroides, commonly known as the Fragrant Bursera or Elephant Tree, is a distinctive caudex-forming succulent shrub or small tree. Native to the arid regions of northwestern Mexico and parts of the American Southwest, it is well-adapted to dry environments. This plant is valued for its unique swollen trunk, attractive peeling bark, and aromatic foliage. Its thickened base, called a caudex, serves as a natural water storage organ, contributing to its drought tolerance.
Essential Environmental Conditions
Light Requirements
Bursera fagaroides thrives in abundant sunlight, ideally receiving full, direct sun exposure. When grown indoors, a south-facing window provides the necessary bright, direct light. Strong light encourages compact growth and aids in the development of its characteristic caudex. While it can tolerate some light shade, growth will be slower.
Watering Practices
Proper watering is crucial for Bursera fagaroides due to its succulent nature and susceptibility to rot. This drought-tolerant species requires infrequent watering; allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings. During its active growing season in spring and summer, water regularly, ensuring the soil becomes nearly dry before the next application. As the plant enters dormancy in fall and winter, significantly reduce watering frequency, often to minimal or no water.
Soil Composition
A fast-draining, gritty soil mix is essential for Bursera fagaroides. Suitable components include pumice, perlite, coarse sand, or a specialized succulent/cacti blend. This soil type prevents water accumulation around the roots, which is vital in preventing root and caudex rot. Incorporating at least 50% inorganic material into the potting mix is recommended for optimal drainage.
Temperature Considerations
Bursera fagaroides prefers warm conditions, with ideal temperatures between 70°F and 90°F (21°C and 32°C) during active growth. It performs best in summer heat, mimicking its native arid environment. The plant is sensitive to frost and should be protected from cold temperatures, ideally remaining above 50°F (10°C). During its winter dormancy, maintaining temperatures in the 50s°F (10-15°C) is beneficial.
Ongoing Care and Maintenance
Fertilizing
Fertilize sparingly only during the plant’s active growing season, typically from spring through summer. A diluted, balanced fertilizer formulated for succulents is appropriate. Using a fertilizer with a lower nitrogen content can encourage caudex development over excessive leafy growth. Cease all fertilization as the plant enters its dormant period.
Pruning for Health and Shape
Pruning Bursera fagaroides helps maintain its desired shape, encourages branching, and removes dead or unhealthy growth. This species is a popular candidate for bonsai, where careful pruning enhances its sculptural form. The most suitable time for significant pruning is during the dormant season to remove dead or diseased branches and to shape the plant. Lighter pruning can be done in spring and summer.
Repotting
Repotting Bursera fagaroides is generally needed every two to three years, or when the plant outgrows its container. The ideal time is during its active growing season, typically in spring as new buds emerge. Select a container slightly larger than the previous one that ensures excellent drainage. Repot into fresh, well-draining soil. After repotting, allow the soil to dry out for a week or two before resuming a regular watering schedule.
Troubleshooting Common Problems
Leaf drop in Bursera fagaroides is often natural during dormancy or in response to cooler temperatures or drought. However, excessive leaf yellowing and shedding can also indicate stress from overwatering or underwatering. A softening caudex is a significant symptom linked to overwatering and root rot. To prevent this, ensure the plant is in a fast-draining soil mix and allow it to dry thoroughly between waterings.
Stunted growth or a lack of vigor can stem from insufficient light, improper watering, or nutrient deficiency. Too much water or fertilizer can also lead to leggy growth. Bursera fagaroides can occasionally be affected by common succulent pests such as mealybugs or spider mites. Address infestations with horticultural oil or insecticidal soap.