The bumble plant, scientifically known as Spilanthes acmella (also often called Acmella oleracea), is an herbaceous plant belonging to the daisy family, Asteraceae. It is recognized by several common names, including toothache plant, paracress, electric daisy, and buzz buttons. This plant is native to tropical regions of South America, particularly Brazil, and is also found in parts of Asia and Africa. Its most distinctive characteristic is the unique tingling, numbing, and salivary-inducing sensation it produces when its leaves or flowers are chewed. The flowers are yellow, often with a reddish-brown center, and resemble small gumdrops or eyeballs, while the leaves are glossy and oval.
Growing Bumble Plant
Growing the bumble plant successfully involves providing appropriate light, soil, and moisture conditions. Meeting these environmental needs ensures robust growth and potent flowers throughout its season.
Light Needs
Bumble plants thrive in full sun to partial shade. Full sun encourages compact growth and enhances the potency of its compounds. In hot climates, partial afternoon shade prevents leaf scorch. Provide at least six hours of direct sunlight daily for healthy development.
Soil and Watering
Bumble plants prefer well-draining, organic-rich, loamy soil with a neutral pH. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Overwatering causes root rot, while drying out stresses the plant. Regular watering is beneficial, especially during dry spells.
Temperature and Humidity
Bumble plants are not frost-hardy and are grown as annuals in temperate climates. They thrive in warm conditions, with ideal temperatures above 60°F (15°C). In tropical and subtropical regions, they can grow as perennials. Typical garden humidity levels are sufficient.
Fertilization
Regular fertilization supports vigorous growth and flowering, especially in containers or nutrient-poor soil. Apply a balanced liquid fertilizer every two to four weeks during the active growing season. Alternatively, incorporate a slow-release granular fertilizer at planting. Adequate nutrition promotes lush foliage and abundant flowers.
Propagation
Propagate bumble plants from seeds, started indoors weeks before the last frost. Lightly press seeds onto the soil surface; they require light for germination. Consistent moisture and a warm temperature (around 68°F/20°C) facilitate germination within 10 to 15 days. Transplant seedlings outdoors after the frost threat passes. Softwood cuttings can also be used during summer.
Uses of Bumble Plant
The bumble plant is valued for its unique sensory properties, contributing to traditional medicinal and culinary uses. Its primary appeal is the distinctive numbing and tingling sensation, attributed to spilanthol concentrated in flowers and leaves. Historically, it alleviated toothaches and oral discomforts in South America and Asia. Chewing fresh flowers or leaves provides temporary pain relief due to its local anesthetic effect. It also stimulates taste, promotes saliva flow, and treats mouth sores and inflammation.
In culinary applications, leaves and flowers add a peppery, tingling sensation to dishes, especially in tropical Brazilian cuisine. Beyond medicinal and culinary uses, its bright yellow and red flowers offer ornamental value.
Harvesting Bumble Plant
Harvesting bumble plants involves selecting parts at the right time for maximum effect. Both leaves and flowers are harvested. Flower heads are preferred for potency due to higher spilanthol concentration. Harvest flowers when fully developed, from mid-summer through early fall. Leaves can be harvested throughout the growing season.
Regular harvesting encourages continued production. Use clean shears to snip desired parts, leaving enough for continued growth. Freshly harvested parts are most potent, but can be dried. Store dried leaves and flowers in an airtight container in a cool, dark place to preserve properties.
Common Problems with Bumble Plant
Bumble plants are robust but can face issues affecting growth or potency. Pests like aphids and spider mites occasionally infest plants, especially on leaf undersides or new growth. Regular inspection helps early identification; manage with insecticidal soap or water spray. Root rot can occur from consistent overwatering or poor drainage. Proper soil and watering prevent this.
Poor growth or reduced tingling often stems from environmental factors. Insufficient sunlight, nutrient deficiencies, or inconsistent watering lead to stunted growth and diminished potency. Addressing these care aspects restores vigor and unique qualities.