The Tephrocactus articulatus var. papyracanthus, commonly called broccoli cactus, is a unique succulent. Its distinctive appearance, resembling segmented pinecones or broccoli florets, combined with unusual papery spines, makes it a fascinating addition to any collection. This plant’s intriguing form and straightforward care contribute to its growing popularity.
What is Broccoli Cactus?
The plant known as broccoli cactus is scientifically identified as Tephrocactus articulatus var. papyracanthus. It is also commonly referred to as Paper Spine Cactus. This cactus is characterized by segmented, cylindrical stems that stack upon one another, often resembling pinecones or broccoli florets.
The stems are typically bluish-green, silver, or green, featuring a papery or parchment-like texture. Its distinguishing feature is its flattened, soft, papery spines, which appear translucent or white. These spines, resembling raffia fibers or thin ribbons, give the plant its common name. Native to western Argentina, particularly the lower slopes of the Andes, this cactus thrives in dry, warm environments.
Broccoli Cactus Care
Light
Broccoli cactus thrives in bright, indirect light. It benefits from 10 to 12 hours of direct sun daily for optimal growth and flowering. A south-facing window indoors or an outdoor location with morning sun is beneficial.
Insufficient light causes etiolation, stretching and weakening stems. While it appreciates abundant light, intense afternoon sun, especially in hot climates, can cause burning or discoloration. A balance of bright light and protection from harsh midday sun maintains healthy, compact growth.
Watering
Proper watering involves a “soak and dry” method, common for succulents. Water thoroughly until water drains, then allow the soil to dry completely before rewatering. Overwatering is a common issue leading to root rot, indicated by squishy or drooping stems.
Underwatering can cause the plant to shrivel or its skin to dry. During its active growing season (spring and summer), water regularly once the soil is dry. In winter dormancy, reduce or suspend watering entirely. It is safer to underwater this cactus than to overwater it.
Soil Requirements
Broccoli cactus requires a well-draining soil mix to prevent waterlogging and root rot. A specialized cactus or succulent potting mix is ideal. Such mixes incorporate coarse sand, perlite, or pumice to enhance drainage and aeration.
A good mix includes 70% to 80% mineral grit (pumice, perlite, or coarse sand) combined with organic components. Avoid heavy, moisture-retentive soils, which can suffocate roots and contribute to fungal issues. A neutral to slightly acidic pH (6.1-7.8) is suitable for this plant.
Temperature and Humidity
Broccoli cactus thrives in warm conditions during active growth, preferring 65-80°F (18-27°C). It is tolerant of heat, reflecting its native habitat. It can withstand cooler temperatures, including brief periods down to 32°F (0°C) or even 15°F (-9°C) if dry, but protection from prolonged cold is important.
A cool, dry dormancy period in winter, with temperatures dropping to 40-50°F (4-10°C), is beneficial. High humidity is not suitable; it prefers dry air. Good air circulation helps manage humidity, especially in enclosed environments.
Feeding Your Plant
Fertilizing is not always necessary, but it can encourage more vigorous growth and blooming. During the active growing season (spring and summer), apply a diluted, low-nitrogen fertilizer. A balanced all-purpose fertilizer, or one specifically for cacti with lower nitrogen, is appropriate.
A fertilizer with higher phosphorus can promote flowering. Fertilize monthly or every couple of months during the growing period. Cease feeding completely during winter dormancy.
Propagating Broccoli Cactus
Propagating broccoli cactus is straightforward, primarily through stem segment cuttings. Segments are loosely attached and easily break off, a natural propagation method. This makes obtaining viable cuttings simple.
To propagate, twist or cut a healthy segment from the main plant using a clean, sharp tool. Allow the cut end to “callus” or dry out for several days to a week in a dry, shaded area. This callusing prevents rot once planted. After callusing, plant the segment shallowly in a well-draining cactus or succulent potting mix, burying the cut end for stability. Water sparingly until roots develop, typically within a few weeks.
Addressing Common Broccoli Cactus Problems
Broccoli cactus is robust, but issues can arise from improper care. Overwatering is a frequent problem, leading to fungal diseases like root rot, which manifests as mushy or drooping stems. To resolve this, allow soil to dry completely between waterings and ensure the plant is in a well-draining mix.
Conversely, underwatering can cause the plant to shrivel or its skin to dry. If this occurs, a thorough watering followed by allowing the soil to dry out should help. Insufficient light can result in etiolation, where the plant appears stretched and pale. Moving the cactus to a brighter location with more direct sunlight corrects this. While not common, pests like mealybugs can affect cacti. These can be managed by gently wiping them off with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol.