The ‘Black Rose’ succulent, scientifically known as Aeonium arboreum ‘Zwartkop’, is a plant valued for its nearly black foliage. The name ‘Zwartkop’ translates from Dutch as “black head,” directly referencing the deep coloration of its wide rosettes. These branching succulents offer a striking contrast to lighter-colored plants. Understanding its unique growing cycle is the basis for successfully cultivating this distinctive specimen.
Essential Needs for Dark Coloration
The deep, almost black coloration of the ‘Black Rose’ is directly linked to light intensity. To achieve the darkest pigmentation, the plant requires full sun exposure for several hours each day. This high level of light stimulates the production of protective pigments that deepen the color of the leaves.
If the plant receives insufficient light, the rosettes will display a lighter purple-reddish shade, often with a noticeable green center. While the ‘Black Rose’ can tolerate full sun, it benefits from partial shade during the most intense afternoon heat to prevent leaf scorch. The plant thrives in mild temperatures, ideally between 65°F and 75°F, and must be protected from freezing conditions as it is not frost-tolerant.
Proper Watering and Soil Medium
The ‘Black Rose’ succulent has a greater need for water than many other succulents, especially during its active growing season from fall through spring. Watering should use the “soak and dry” method: the plant is given a deep watering and then allowed to dry out completely before the next application. During active growth, the soil should be checked for dryness every 7 to 10 days.
A well-draining soil mixture is necessary to prevent root rot. A commercial cactus or succulent potting mix can be amended with inorganic materials to enhance drainage. Incorporating coarse sand, pumice, or perlite into the soil ensures proper aeration and prevents water retention.
Managing Summer Dormancy
Aeoniums are winter growers that enter a period of summer dormancy. As temperatures rise, the plant’s metabolism slows significantly. The large, open rosettes contract and curl inward, forming a tighter, closed shape to minimize water loss.
During this resting phase, watering must be drastically reduced or completely stopped, especially if nighttime temperatures consistently exceed 85°F. Continuing to water a dormant plant can easily lead to stem and root rot, as the roots are not actively absorbing moisture. Protection from the harshest midday sun is also advisable during this time to prevent sunburn on the curled leaves. Occasional maintenance includes gently removing the dried, lower leaves that naturally shrivel and drop as the plant conserves energy.
Techniques for Propagation
New ‘Black Rose’ plants are created using stem cuttings, sometimes referred to as ‘beheading.’ Unlike some other succulents, this variety cannot be reliably propagated from single leaves. Use a clean, sharp blade to cut a rosette from the main stem, ensuring a few inches of stem remain attached to the cutting.
The cut section must then be allowed to dry out completely in a shaded, well-ventilated area for several days to a week. This step, called callousing, allows a protective layer to form over the wound, which prevents the cutting from absorbing too much water and rotting. Once the cut surface is dry and sealed, the stem can be placed directly into a well-draining soil medium and watered sparingly until new roots develop.