The Black Aralia (Polyscias fruticosa) is an indoor plant known for its distinctive aesthetic. It features dark, deeply lobed foliage that can appear almost black in lower light, creating a striking contrast. The leaves often have a unique, curled texture, and the plant typically develops a tall, narrow habit with gnarled, twisting stems, giving it an elegant, tree-like appearance.
Black Aralia Plant Care
Light
Black Aralia plants thrive in bright, indirect light, which is important for maintaining their deep, dark leaf color. While they can tolerate lower light, plants in such environments may exhibit less vibrant foliage and sparser growth. Direct, intense sunlight can scorch delicate leaves, causing brown spots, so avoid harsh, unfiltered sun. Conversely, insufficient light can cause the plant to become leggy, with elongated stems and reduced leaf density.
Watering
Proper watering is important for Black Aralia, as they prefer consistently moist soil but are sensitive to overwatering. Allow the top inch or two of soil to dry out between waterings. Signs of overwatering include yellowing leaves and a general decline, often due to root rot. Conversely, underwatering can lead to leaf drop and wilting.
Soil and Potting
A well-draining potting mix is important for Black Aralia, preventing waterlogging that can damage its root system. A suitable blend often includes peat moss, perlite, and potting soil, providing good aeration and drainage. The pot should always have drainage holes to allow excess water to escape. Repotting is generally necessary every one to three years, or when the plant becomes root-bound.
Temperature and Humidity
Black Aralia prefers warm temperatures, ideally between 65°F and 80°F (18°C to 27°C). They are sensitive to cold drafts; temperatures below 60°F (15°C) can lead to reduced growth and leaf drop. The plant benefits from moderate to high humidity, ideally around 50% or higher. To increase humidity, consider placing the pot on a pebble tray, using a room humidifier, or occasionally misting the foliage.
Fertilization
During its active growing season, typically spring and summer, Black Aralia benefits from regular fertilization. A balanced, water-soluble liquid fertilizer, applied every four to six weeks, is generally suitable. Follow the product’s dilution instructions to avoid over-fertilization, which can lead to salt buildup and root damage. During fall and winter, when the plant’s growth slows, reduce or cease fertilization.
Pruning and Propagation
Pruning for Health and Shape
Pruning Black Aralia helps maintain its size and shape while promoting bushier, denser growth. Removing dead, yellowed, or damaged leaves at their base improves the plant’s health and appearance. Pinching back growing tips encourages branching, leading to a fuller plant. This practice also enhances air circulation, which can help prevent issues.
Propagation Methods
The primary method for propagating Black Aralia is through stem cuttings. Take healthy stem cuttings that are at least 4-6 inches long, ensuring they have a few leaves attached. Remove lower leaves to expose a few nodes, then place the cutting in water or directly into a moist, well-draining rooting medium. Providing warmth and consistent moisture will encourage root development.
Common Problems and Solutions
Pests
Black Aralia can be susceptible to common houseplant pests such as spider mites, mealybugs, and scale insects. Spider mites often manifest as tiny webs on leaf undersides, while mealybugs appear as small, cottony masses. Regular inspection of the plant helps in early detection. Treatment includes wiping affected areas with a damp cloth or applying insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Diseases
Fungal issues, such as root rot, are primarily a concern for Black Aralia with overwatering or poor drainage. Root rot symptoms include mushy roots and general decline. Prevent by using well-draining soil and a pot with drainage holes, allowing the soil to dry out slightly between waterings. Good air circulation around the plant also helps minimize fungal disease risk.
Leaf Issues
Several factors can cause leaf problems in Black Aralia. Yellowing leaves often indicate overwatering or poor drainage, though nutrient deficiency can also be a cause. Brown or crispy leaf edges typically point to underwatering or insufficient humidity. Leaf drop can result from environmental stresses, including inconsistent watering, low humidity, or sudden temperature fluctuations. Adjusting care routines based on these signs helps the plant recover.
Leggy Growth
Leggy growth, characterized by long, stretched stems with sparse foliage, is a common issue with Black Aralia and usually indicates insufficient light. The solution is to move the plant to a location that provides brighter, indirect light. Pruning back elongated stems can also encourage bushier growth and a more compact form.
Is Black Aralia Toxic?
Yes, Black Aralia (Polyscias fruticosa) is considered toxic if ingested. It contains saponins and other irritating agents. Symptoms of ingestion may include a burning sensation in the mouth and throat, drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach upset. Keep Black Aralia plants out of reach of children and pets to prevent accidental ingestion.