Ornamental grape vines offer a captivating display of foliage, serving as a visually appealing alternative to traditional fruiting varieties. Cultivated for their lush leaves that transform dramatically with the seasons, these vigorous climbers quickly cover structures. They add natural beauty and architectural interest to any landscape.
Why Choose an Ornamental Grape Vine
Ornamental grape vines enhance garden designs with their vibrant foliage, which shifts from lush green in spring and summer to brilliant shades of orange, red, and purple in autumn. Their large, often deeply lobed leaves provide rich texture, creating a dense canopy for seasonal shade and privacy.
These vines quickly cover arbors, pergolas, trellises, or fences. Their woody stems and twining tendrils add architectural interest, especially in winter when their structure is visible. Providing living shade in summer and allowing sunlight through in winter, they are a dynamic and practical addition to outdoor spaces.
Popular Ornamental Grape Vine Varieties
Several ornamental grape vine varieties are favored for their distinct visual characteristics. Vitis coignetiae, commonly known as Crimson Glory Vine, is celebrated for its dramatic autumn display, with large, heart-shaped leaves transitioning into fiery shades of crimson red, orange, and purple. This climber reaches significant heights, suitable for expansive areas.
Another popular choice is Vitis vinifera ‘Purpurea’, often called Purpleleaf Grape. Its foliage starts grayish-green and develops into a rich plum-purple throughout the summer, deepening to dark purple before turning crimson in autumn. While it may produce small, unpalatable grapes, its primary appeal lies in its striking leaf color.
Vitis riparia, or Riverbank Grape, is a resilient native species known for its hardiness and adaptability, offering good autumn color with leaves transitioning to green and burgundy hues. This vine climbs extensively and features reddish-brown, exfoliating bark, adding visual interest.
Planting and Establishing Ornamental Grape Vines
Select an appropriate site for planting. Ornamental grape vines thrive in full sun, ideally at least six to eight hours of direct sunlight daily, though some varieties tolerate partial shade. Well-draining soil is crucial, as grape vines do not tolerate waterlogged conditions.
Before planting, prepare the soil by loosening it and incorporating organic matter like compost or well-rotted manure to improve drainage and fertility. Dig a planting hole twice as wide as the root ball and the same depth. Position the vine so the topmost roots are at the soil line, backfill, and gently firm to remove air pockets. Immediately after planting, water thoroughly to settle the soil and provide initial moisture. Provide initial support, such as a trellis or arbor, to help these climbing plants establish upward growth.
Care and Maintenance for Aesthetic Appeal
Consistent watering is important, especially during establishment and dry periods. Young vines need about one inch of water per week. Once established, they are somewhat drought-tolerant, but regular deep watering in warm, dry months maintains vigorous growth and lush foliage. Water at the base to keep leaves dry and prevent fungal diseases.
While not heavy feeders, a balanced fertilizer supports vigorous growth and foliage. Apply a general-purpose fertilizer, like a 10-10-10 blend, in early spring as new growth emerges, and possibly again a month later. Avoid over-fertilization, which promotes excessive woody growth over foliage.
Pruning is crucial for maintaining aesthetic appeal and managing size. Primary pruning should occur in mid-winter when the vine is dormant to avoid sap “bleeding.” This shapes the vine, controls its size, and encourages new growth for attractive foliage. For vines on structures, cut back lateral shoots to two or three buds from the main stem to maintain a desirable framework. Regular pruning also ensures good air circulation, reducing issues.
Landscaping Uses and Design Ideas
Ornamental grape vines are versatile for various garden designs. Their climbing habit makes them excellent for covering arbors, pergolas, and trellises, creating shaded areas or living tunnels. They can also be trained on fences or walls for privacy screens or to camouflage structures.
Beyond vertical applications, some varieties serve as ground covers in sunny locations, utilizing their spreading habit to cover large areas. Their unique foliage and structural presence make them dramatic focal points, drawing attention with seasonal color changes and robust form. Their adaptability suits a range of garden styles, from formal courtyards to naturalized settings.