Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) is a perennial herb primarily recognized for its roots, which have a long history of use in herbal traditions for their calming properties. Cultivated for centuries, understanding how to grow this plant indoors provides practical access to its distinct qualities within a home environment.
Is Valerian Suitable for Indoor Growing?
Growing valerian indoors presents both possibilities and significant considerations. While feasible, its distinctive characteristics require careful thought. A primary factor is the strong, earthy aroma emanating from the roots, which intensifies upon harvesting and drying. This scent, often described as musky or reminiscent of aged cheese, can be overwhelming in enclosed spaces. Valerian also achieves substantial size, commonly reaching 4 to 6 feet tall and 1 to 2 feet wide outdoors. Indoors, it requires ample vertical and horizontal space. Its deep root system necessitates a sufficiently large pot to prevent it from becoming root-bound and to support its height. Therefore, prospective indoor growers must assess their available space and tolerance for the plant’s unique fragrance.
Essential Care for Indoor Valerian
Light
Valerian thrives in full sun to partial shade. Indoors, a south-facing window is often the most suitable spot, providing at least six hours of direct light daily. Without sufficient light, valerian can become leggy, stretching towards the light source and developing weak stems. During periods of shorter daylight hours, such as in winter, supplementing natural light with a grow light can ensure the plant receives the intensity it needs for robust growth.
Soil
The ideal soil for potted valerian balances fertility with excellent drainage. A well-draining, loamy soil mix is beneficial, preventing waterlogged conditions and root rot. A suitable blend often includes a high-quality potting mix combined with perlite or coarse sand to enhance drainage, and compost to provide essential nutrients and improve soil structure. Valerian prefers a slightly acidic to neutral pH, typically ranging between 6.0 and 7.5, which supports optimal nutrient absorption.
Watering
Consistent moisture is important for valerian, but avoid overwatering; keep the soil evenly moist without saturation. Before watering, check the top inch of soil; if it feels dry, water thoroughly until excess drains from the pot bottom. Allowing the pot to sit in standing water can quickly lead to root issues, so ensure proper drainage and empty any saucers after watering.
Temperature and Humidity
Valerian prefers moderate temperatures; typical indoor environments are often suitable. During its active growing season, an ideal temperature range is between 65°F and 80°F (18°C to 27°C). While cold-tolerant and able to withstand temperatures above 0°C in winter, consistent indoor temperatures within its preferred range support steady growth. Valerian also benefits from moderate humidity levels. If indoor air is particularly dry, placing the pot on a pebble tray filled with water can increase localized humidity around the plant without making the soil soggy.
Fertilizing
Valerian does not require heavy fertilization, especially if planted in rich, loamy soil with compost. If additional nutrients are desired, a balanced liquid fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10 ratio, can be applied sparingly. Fertilize once a month during the active growing season (spring and summer), but avoid over-fertilizing, as this can promote excessive foliage growth at the expense of root development. Reducing or ceasing fertilization during fall and winter dormancy periods is also advisable.
Potting and Container Size
Choosing the right container size is important for valerian’s deep root system. A pot with a 12 to 16-inch diameter and sufficient depth is recommended to accommodate its growth. Terracotta pots are a good choice as their porous nature allows for better air circulation to the roots and helps prevent waterlogging. Ample drainage holes are essential for proper water runoff. Repotting may be necessary every two to three years, or when the plant shows signs of being root-bound, to provide fresh soil and continued space for growth.
Harvesting and Using Indoor Valerian
Harvest valerian root from indoor plants after the first full growing season, ideally in autumn when the plant’s energy shifts to its roots. Carefully unpot the plant and gently remove soil around the root system. Select larger, mature roots, leaving smaller ones to regrow if desired.
Clean harvested roots thoroughly by rinsing off soil. Dry them in a warm area (around 100°F/38°C) until brittle, a process taking several weeks. Once dry, store in an airtight container in a cool, dark place. Harvested valerian root is primarily used in teas or tinctures for its traditional calming properties.
Troubleshooting and Common Issues
Indoor valerian plants may face challenges, but most are manageable. Leggy growth, characterized by long, stretched stems with sparse leaves, indicates insufficient light; move the plant to a brighter location or provide supplemental grow lights. Yellowing leaves signal overwatering, where roots are deprived of oxygen; allow the soil to dry slightly between waterings and ensure good drainage. Conversely, dry, crispy leaves may signal under-watering. Common indoor pests like spider mites or aphids can be addressed with insecticidal soap or by gently wiping them off the foliage.