The African Spear plant, scientifically known as Sansevieria cylindrica or Dracaena angolensis, is recognized for its distinctive, upright cylindrical leaves that emerge directly from the soil. This unique architectural form makes it a popular choice for modern interior designs, often referred to as a “Dragon Tree” or “Cylindrical Snake Plant.” Its striking appearance and low-maintenance nature make it a favored houseplant for both novice and experienced enthusiasts, suitable for various indoor environments.
African Spear Care Essentials
Light
African Spear plants thrive with bright, indirect sunlight. Placing them near a south or west-facing window, where direct sun is filtered, offers ideal conditions. While these plants can tolerate lower light levels, prolonged exposure to dim environments may lead to slower growth and less defined cylindrical forms. Conversely, excessive direct sunlight, especially intense afternoon sun, can scorch the foliage, resulting in bleached or brown spots.
Watering
A “less is more” approach is beneficial for the African Spear, given its succulent nature. Allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings, often to a depth of several inches or even the entire pot. Overwatering is a common issue that can lead to root rot, manifesting as mushy stems and yellowing leaves. During the cooler, dormant months, watering frequency should be significantly reduced, sometimes to once a month or less, depending on environmental conditions.
Soil
The African Spear requires a well-draining soil mix to prevent waterlogging and promote healthy root development. A specialized succulent or cactus potting mix is ideal, as these mixes drain quickly and provide adequate aeration. Incorporating additional perlite or coarse sand into a standard potting mix can also improve drainage if a succulent blend is unavailable. The pot must have drainage holes at the bottom to allow excess water to escape freely.
Temperature
African Spear plants prefer average room temperatures, ranging from 65°F to 80°F (18°C to 27°C), making them well-suited for most indoor settings. They are sensitive to cold temperatures and should be protected from drafts or temperatures below 50°F (10°C), which can cause foliage damage. As plants native to arid regions, African Spears are tolerant of low humidity and do not require supplemental humidity.
Fertilization
Fertilization needs for African Spear plants are minimal. A balanced liquid fertilizer, diluted to half strength, can be applied once or twice during the active growing season, from spring through early fall. Over-fertilization can lead to salt buildup in the soil, potentially harming roots and causing leaf tip burn. Do not fertilize during the dormant winter months when the plant’s growth slows.
Propagating African Spear
Leaf Cuttings
Propagating African Spear plants can be achieved through leaf cuttings or by dividing the rhizomes. For leaf cuttings, a healthy, mature leaf should be cut into sections approximately 2-4 inches long. Note which end is the bottom of each section to ensure proper rooting. Allowing these cut sections to callus for several days before planting helps prevent rot.
Once callused, leaf cuttings can be placed upright in a well-draining soil mix, with the bottom end inserted about an inch deep. Keep the soil slightly moist, but not wet, and provide bright, indirect light. Rooting can take several weeks to a few months, with new plantlets eventually emerging from the base. Alternatively, leaf sections can be rooted in water, ensuring only the bottom inch is submerged and changing the water every few days to prevent stagnation.
Division
Division is a more direct method, often performed when repotting a mature African Spear. Carefully remove the plant from its pot and gently separate the rhizomes, ensuring each section has a portion of the root system and at least one cylindrical leaf. These divisions can then be planted directly into individual pots with fresh, well-draining soil. This method results in larger, more established new plants compared to leaf cuttings.
Repotting African Spear
When to Repot
African Spear plants prefer to be somewhat root-bound. Repotting is typically necessary only every 2-5 years, or when the plant shows clear signs of outgrowing its container, such as roots emerging from drainage holes or the pot beginning to crack. The best time to repot is during the spring or early summer, coinciding with the plant’s active growth period.
Repotting Process
When repotting, select a new pot only slightly larger than the previous one, perhaps 1-2 inches wider. Ensure the chosen pot has adequate drainage holes to prevent water accumulation. Carefully remove the plant, disturbing the roots as little as possible, and place it into the new pot with fresh, well-draining succulent or cactus mix. Avoid overly large pots, as excess soil can retain too much moisture, increasing the risk of root rot.
Common Problems and Solutions
Watering Issues
Mushy or yellowing leaves indicate overwatering. If this occurs, immediately reduce watering frequency and ensure the soil dries out completely between waterings. Crispy or browning leaf tips can suggest underwatering or extremely low humidity, though the latter is rarely an issue for this plant. Increasing watering slightly and checking soil moisture more regularly can help resolve this.
Pests and Toxicity
African Spear plants can occasionally encounter pests like spider mites or mealybugs. Inspecting the plant regularly can help identify these pests early. A gentle wipe with a damp cloth or a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol can remove mealybugs, while a strong spray of water can dislodge spider mites. African Spear plants are considered mildly toxic if ingested and should be kept away from curious pets and small children.