Spike plants are popular ornamental additions, frequently used for their distinctive upright, architectural form in various garden settings. They are especially valued for creating vertical interest within container arrangements and garden beds. Their unique form enhances visual appeal, making them a favored choice for height.
Understanding the Spike Plant
The term “spike plant” commonly refers to species such as Dracaena indivisa and Cordyline australis ‘Red Star’. These plants are characterized by their upright, sword-like leaves that emerge from a central point. The foliage typically comes in shades of green, bronze, or can be variegated with streaks of red or white, offering visual interest. Their common name reflects their tall, pointed appearance, effective for height and structure.
Essential Spike Plant Care
Spike plants thrive in full sun to partial shade, needing at least four to six hours of direct sunlight daily. In regions with intense summer heat, providing some afternoon shade can prevent leaf scorch. Consistent moisture is important; water thoroughly when the top inch of soil feels dry. Allowing the soil to become waterlogged can lead to root rot, so good drainage is essential.
A well-draining potting mix rich in organic matter is optimal. A slightly acidic soil pH (6.0-6.5) is preferred. Using terracotta pots can further enhance drainage and help prevent excessive moisture retention. Spike plants prefer warm conditions, with ideal temperatures ranging between 60°F and 80°F (15°C to 27°C). They are sensitive to frost.
Average to high humidity is beneficial for their growth. Indoor plants can benefit from occasional misting to increase surrounding humidity, especially during dry periods. During the active growing season, from spring through late summer or early fall, apply a balanced liquid fertilizer every two to eight weeks. Reduce or cease fertilization during the cooler, dormant winter months.
Designing with Spike Plants
Spike plants are commonly used as “thriller” elements in container gardening, serving as the central focal point in mixed arrangements. Their upright form draws the eye upward, providing vertical dimension. They pair well with “filler” plants that add volume around their base, such as petunias, and “spiller” plants that cascade over the container’s edges, like sweet potato vine. Beyond containers, these plants also contribute vertical interest when integrated into garden beds. They can be used as standalone specimens or massed for visual impact.
Overwintering Spike Plants
In warmer climates, specifically USDA zones 9 through 11, spike plants can often be grown as perennials. However, in cooler regions where temperatures drop significantly, they are typically treated as annuals.
For those wishing to preserve their plants, overwintering indoors is a viable option. Before the first frost, carefully dig up the plant if it’s in the ground, or simply bring containerized plants indoors. During winter, provide bright, indirect light and significantly reduce watering, allowing the soil to dry more thoroughly between applications. It is also advisable to monitor for common indoor pests during this period.