The “scorpion plant” commonly refers to Pedilanthus tithymaloides, also known as Devil’s Backbone or Slipper Flower. This unique succulent is popular as a houseplant due to its distinctive zigzag stems and unusual appearance, offering relatively easy care.
Understanding Your Scorpion Plant
The Devil’s Backbone is characterized by upright, fleshy stems that grow in a distinct zigzag pattern. Along these unique stems, ovate, fleshy leaves emerge, often displaying variegation with white or pink edges in certain cultivars. Small, slipper-shaped flowers, typically red or pink, may appear at the stem tips, though indoor plants rarely bloom. This succulent is native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, including Florida, Central America, and the Caribbean. It belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family, known for producing a milky white sap.
Scorpion Plant Care
Light
Devil’s Backbone thrives in bright, indirect light indoors. An ideal spot is near a window with filtered sunlight or some direct morning sun. Too much intense afternoon sun can scorch leaves. Insufficient light leads to leggy growth and a loss of the plant’s characteristic zigzag pattern and vibrant leaf coloration.
Soil
Well-draining soil is essential for Devil’s Backbone to prevent root rot, a common issue for succulents. A specialized succulent or cactus potting mix provides necessary aeration and drainage. Alternatively, create a blend by mixing regular potting soil with perlite and coarse sand. Ensure the pot has adequate drainage holes.
Water
Allow the soil to dry out completely between watering sessions. Overwatering can quickly lead to root rot and yellowing leaves. When watering, thoroughly drench the soil until water drains from the pot’s bottom. Adjust frequency seasonally, watering more during warmer growing months and less during cooler, dormant periods.
Temperature and Humidity
Devil’s Backbone prefers warm, consistent temperatures, ideally 65°F to 75°F (18°C to 24°C). It is sensitive to cold drafts and frost, which can damage growth tips. As a tropical succulent, it adapts well to average household humidity and does not require high humidity. Protecting it from sudden temperature drops is important.
Fertilizer
Devil’s Backbone is not a heavy feeder. During its active growing season in spring and summer, apply a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength once a month. Avoid fertilizing during fall and winter dormancy. Over-fertilization can lead to nutrient burn.
Propagating Scorpion Plants
Propagating Devil’s Backbone is straightforward, primarily through stem cuttings. In spring or early summer, select a healthy stem section 4 to 6 inches long. After cutting, allow the end to “callus over” for a few days in a dry, airy place; this prevents rot.
Once callused, root the cutting in a well-draining succulent or cactus soil mix, or in water. If rooting in soil, insert the callused end into the moist medium. If using water, place the cutting in a glass with just enough water to cover the bottom node, changing the water every few days. Roots typically develop within a few weeks, and once a robust root system has formed, the new plant can be potted.
Troubleshooting Common Scorpion Plant Problems
Leaf drop in Devil’s Backbone can result from overwatering, underwatering, or sudden temperature changes. If the soil remains soggy, root rot can occur, leading to yellowing and dropping leaves; conversely, prolonged dryness also causes shedding. Adjust your watering schedule to allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings.
Leggy growth and a diminished zigzag pattern indicate insufficient light; move the plant to a brighter location to restore its compact form. Pruning leggy stems can also encourage bushier growth. The plant can also be susceptible to common houseplant pests like spider mites and mealybugs. Regularly inspect the plant and treat infestations with organic methods, such as neem oil or insecticidal soap.
Toxicity and Safety Considerations
Handle Devil’s Backbone with care, as its milky white sap can be irritating. This latex sap, common in the Euphorbiaceae family, can cause skin irritation, redness, and itching upon contact. If sap contacts eyes, it can lead to severe irritation, including a gritty sensation and blurred vision.
Ingestion is toxic and can result in nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Wear gloves when handling the plant, especially during pruning or propagation, to avoid skin exposure. Keep Devil’s Backbone out of reach of children and pets. Seek medical attention promptly for accidental ingestion or severe irritation.