The term “pumpkin tree plant” often causes confusion, as it does not refer to a pumpkin (Cucurbita) growing on a tree. Instead, this plant is a distinct species, typically Solanum integrifolium or Solanum aethiopicum, a relative of eggplants. This article explores what this plant is and how to cultivate it successfully in your garden.
Understanding the Pumpkin Tree Plant
The plant commonly known as “pumpkin tree plant” is also called ‘Pumpkin on a Stick’ or ‘Ornamental Eggplant’ due to its appearance. Originating from Africa and Asia, some varieties are used culinarily.
This plant grows as an annual or short-lived perennial shrub, not a true tree, typically reaching 3 to 4 feet in height and 2 to 3 feet in width. Its most distinguishing feature is its fruits, which resemble small, decorative pumpkins developing on the stems. Although it belongs to the nightshade family (Solanaceae), alongside tomatoes and potatoes, it is distinct from common squash pumpkins.
Cultivating Your Pumpkin Tree Plant
These plants thrive in full sun, requiring at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight daily for abundant flowers and fruits. The ideal soil is well-draining, rich in organic matter, and has a slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0-6.8).
Planting should occur after the last frost, when soil temperature consistently reaches at least 60°F (16°C) and nighttime temperatures are above 55°F (13°C). Space plants 24 to 36 inches apart for adequate air circulation and growth. In cooler climates, start seeds indoors 6 to 8 weeks before the last expected frost. After transplanting, consistent initial watering is important to establish the root system, keeping the soil moist but not waterlogged.
Ongoing Care and Management
Begin with a balanced liquid fertilizer, then transition to a formula higher in phosphorus and potassium once flowering starts to support fruit development. Fertilize every 2 to 4 weeks during the active growing period.
Consistent watering is important as the plant matures, especially during dry spells. Aim for 1 to 2 inches of water per week, allowing the topsoil to dry slightly between waterings. Due to the weight of developing fruits, staking or caging plants is beneficial to provide support and prevent stems from breaking. These plants can encounter common pests like aphids, spider mites, and flea beetles, as well as fungal diseases such as powdery mildew. Organic solutions like insecticidal soap can manage pests, while good air circulation helps deter fungal issues. Light pruning can also improve air circulation and maintain the plant’s shape.
Harvesting and Enjoying the Fruits
For ornamental purposes, harvest the fruits when they have developed their mature color (typically bright orange, red, or scarlet) and are firm to the touch. The stems should still be green and sturdy for best display.
To harvest, use sharp pruners to cut the stem, leaving a short section attached to the fruit. This preserves the fruit’s integrity and appearance, extending its decorative life. While some varieties are edible when young and green and used in certain cuisines, ‘Pumpkin on a Stick’ varieties are primarily ornamental, ideal for dried arrangements and fall decor. Exercise caution with consumption, as some Solanum species can be toxic, and ornamental varieties are not bred for flavor or safety.