The Natal Plum (Carissa macrocarpa) is a versatile and attractive plant, appreciated for its glossy evergreen leaves, fragrant white flowers, and edible crimson fruits. Native to South Africa, it serves many purposes in a landscape, commonly used as a hedge, ornamental shrub, or in containers. Its appealing features make it a popular choice for gardeners seeking both visual interest and practical benefits.
Optimal Growing Conditions
Natal Plum thrives in subtropical and tropical environments. For optimal growth, flowering, and fruit production, it prefers full sun (at least six to eight hours daily). It can tolerate partial shade, but this often results in fewer flowers and fruits.
The Natal Plum is adaptable but performs best in well-draining soil. A slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.5-7.5) is preferred, though it tolerates slightly alkaline conditions. Good drainage prevents root rot; incorporating organic matter or sand improves soil structure.
Natal Plum flourishes in warm temperatures (ideally above 68°F day, 50-65°F night). Established plants withstand mild frost down to 25°F, but young plants are sensitive below 30°F. It adapts to humid or dry air with sufficient soil moisture.
Watering and Fertilizing
The Natal Plum is drought-tolerant once established but benefits from consistent moisture during its growing season. Water deeply, allowing the top inch or two of soil to dry completely between waterings to prevent root rot. During hotter periods, water once or twice a week; less frequent watering is needed in cooler months or dormancy.
Regular fertilization supports vigorous growth, flowering, and fruiting. A balanced, slow-release NPK fertilizer is suitable. Apply every four to six weeks during the active growing season (spring through summer). Water thoroughly after fertilizing to help nutrients penetrate the soil and prevent root burn.
Pruning and Shaping
Pruning the Natal Plum maintains its desired shape, promotes bushier growth, and encourages flowering and fruit production. It also removes dead or diseased branches, improving air circulation and reducing pest and disease risk. Regular pruning is important for health and aesthetic form.
Major pruning is best in late winter or early spring, before new growth. This avoids removing developing flower buds and directs energy into robust spring growth. Use clean, sharp tools to make precise cuts just above a leaf node or outward-facing bud. For hedges, consistent trimming maintains a dense form, while selective thinning improves light penetration for individual shrubs.
Managing Pests and Diseases
The Natal Plum is generally resilient but can encounter common issues. Pests like scale insects, mealybugs, and whiteflies can affect it. Regular inspection helps early detection. Good cultural practices, such as adequate air circulation and plant health, are the first line of defense.
Diseases are less common, but root rot can occur from consistent overwatering or poor drainage. Ensure soil dries between waterings for prevention. If disease signs like discolored or wilting branches appear, promptly remove affected parts with sterilized tools to prevent spread. Healthy, well-cared-for plants resist and recover from problems.
Harvesting and Using Fruit
Natal Plum fruits ripen individually, providing a continuous harvest. They are ready when deep red or purple and slightly soft. Pluck them from the plant, taking care not to damage surrounding branches.
Once harvested, ripe fruits can be enjoyed fresh, offering a sweet and tangy flavor similar to cranberries or unripe cherries. They are versatile in culinary applications, used for jams, jellies, pies, sauces, or desserts. While ripe fruit is edible, all other parts of the Natal Plum, including unripe fruit, contain a milky latex that can be irritating and is mildly toxic.