Myrtle (Myrtus communis) is a versatile evergreen shrub native to the Mediterranean region, cherished for its aromatic foliage and delicate white flowers that bloom in early summer. Its glossy green leaves offer a sweet, spicy citrus scent, making it a popular choice for ornamental use in gardens and as a container plant. Proper care ensures the myrtle thrives, allowing gardeners to enjoy its beauty and fragrance for many years.
Basic Care Guidelines
Light Needs
Myrtle plants require abundant light to flourish, typically preferring full sun (at least six hours daily). Outdoor myrtles perform well in full sun but can tolerate light shade. For indoor myrtle plants, placement in a south-, east-, or west-facing window provides the most daylight. Inadequate light causes spindly growth; excessive heat may wither leaves.
Watering
Myrtle requires consistent watering, particularly for young and container-grown plants. Keep soil evenly moist but not waterlogged to prevent root rot. For potted plants, water deeply until excess drains from the bottom, allowing the top one to two inches of soil to dry before rewatering. Older, established outdoor myrtles are more drought-tolerant, but young plants may need watering as often as once a week in hot weather.
Soil Requirements
Myrtle thrives in moderately fertile, well-drained soil. It adapts to various well-drained soil types, including sandy, loamy, or clay. The plant prefers soil that is slightly acidic to alkaline, with a pH range of 6.0 to 8.3. For indoor myrtles, a potting mix consisting of two-thirds potting mix and one-third peat moss ensures good drainage and provides suitable conditions.
Temperature and Humidity
Myrtle prefers moderate humidity and a temperature range between 30°F and 95°F (-1°C to 35°C). It is hardy down to about 10°F (-12°C) if sheltered from harsh winds. Indoor myrtles benefit from temperatures between 60°F and 75°F (15°C to 24°C) and 50% humidity. Dry air, particularly in winter, can cause leaf drop, so placing the plant on a pebble tray with water or misting regularly can help increase humidity for indoor specimens.
Fertilizing
Myrtle benefits from regular feeding during its active growing season. Outdoor myrtles benefit from a balanced 10-10-10 fertilizer applied annually in early spring before flowering; trees may need it every two to three years. Indoor myrtles need weekly liquid fertilizer during spring and summer, or year-round if flowering.
Pruning for Health and Shape
Pruning myrtle maintains its shape and promotes health. The best time to prune is in late winter or early spring, before new growth emerges. This allows the plant to heal and encourages vigorous new growth during the growing season. Remove spent flowers and dead or damaged branches to improve appearance and redirect energy.
Use sharp, clean shears to make 45-degree cuts a quarter-inch above an outward-facing bud or branch. This encourages water runoff and promotes desirable growth. To maintain a compact shape or topiary form, pinch young shoots to encourage bushiness and lightly prune. Avoid removing more than one-third of the plant in a single year to prevent stress.
Troubleshooting Common Problems
Myrtle can encounter common issues, often related to environmental conditions or pests. Yellowing leaves often indicate watering problems like root rot from overwatering or dehydration from underwatering. Ensure proper drainage and consistent moisture. Stunted growth may result from nutrient deficiencies, insufficient water, or inadequate light.
Pest infestations, including spider mites, scale, aphids, and whiteflies, can cause leaf discoloration and reduced vigor. Regularly inspect the plant, especially leaf undersides, for early detection. Insecticidal soap or neem oil are effective treatments.
Propagating Myrtle
Myrtle can be propagated from stem cuttings. Semi-hardwood cuttings taken during summer are often most successful. Select non-flowering shoots that are 6 to 8 inches long, making cuts just below a leaf node. Remove the lower leaves, leaving a few at the tip.
Dip the cut end into rooting hormone, which can aid root development. Plant cuttings 3 to 4 inches deep into a well-draining rooting medium, such as a 50/50 mixture of sand and compost or a mix of peat moss, perlite, and sand. Keep the medium consistently moist in a bright location with indirect sunlight. Roots typically form within two weeks to a month.