The cyclamen is a favored indoor plant, appreciated for its vibrant blooms in cooler months. Its unique flower shapes and often fragrant blossoms add elegance to indoor spaces, making it a popular choice for home gardeners.
Getting to Know Cyclamen
Cyclamen plants originate from the Mediterranean region. They are tuberous perennials, growing from a tuber and returning year after year. The most common indoor type is Cyclamen persicum, or Florist’s Cyclamen, known for its showy flowers.
These plants feature heart-shaped leaves, often with silver marbling that adds visual interest even when not in bloom. Flowers emerge on slender stems, rising above the foliage with petals that reflex backward, creating a delicate, butterfly-like appearance. Cyclamen are popular in fall and winter, blooming when other plants are dormant.
Cyclamen Plant Care
Light
Cyclamen plants thrive in bright, indirect light. An east or north-facing window provides suitable exposure. Avoid direct sunlight, especially during hotter parts of the day, as intense rays can scorch leaves and flowers. Insufficient light may lead to weak stems or pale foliage.
Watering
Proper watering prevents tuber rot. Water cyclamen when the top inch or two of soil feels dry. Water from the bottom by placing the pot in a shallow tray; this allows the plant to absorb moisture through drainage holes and prevents water from collecting around the crown.
After 15-20 minutes, or once the soil surface is moist, remove the pot and allow excess water to drain. Avoid getting water on leaves and the crown to prevent fungal diseases.
Soil and Potting
Cyclamen prefer a well-draining, organically rich soil mix. A suitable mix includes peat moss for moisture retention, sand or perlite for drainage and aeration, and compost or worm castings for nutrients. When potting, ensure the container has adequate drainage holes to prevent waterlogging. Plant the tuber so its top surface is slightly exposed above the soil line to help prevent rot.
Temperature and Humidity
Cyclamen flourish in cool, consistent temperatures, ideally 60-65°F (15-18°C) during the day, with cooler night temperatures around 50°F (10°C). Temperatures above 70°F (21°C) can cause wilting, yellowing, and premature dormancy. Avoid drafts from open windows or heat vents, as sudden fluctuations stress the plant.
While cyclamen appreciate moderate to high humidity, direct misting is not recommended due to fungal risk. Instead, place the pot on a pebble tray filled with water, ensuring the pot is not sitting directly in the water, to increase ambient humidity.
Fertilizing
During its active growing and blooming season from fall through spring, cyclamen benefits from regular fertilization. Apply a balanced liquid houseplant fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10 or 20-20-20 formula, diluted to half strength, every two to four weeks.
A fertilizer higher in phosphorus, like a 4-20-4, can promote more abundant blooms. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can lead to lush foliage at the expense of flower production. Cease fertilization once the plant enters its dormant period.
Managing Cyclamen Dormancy
Cyclamen undergo a period of dormancy during warmer summer months, after flowering concludes. This resting phase is triggered by rising temperatures and longer daylight hours. Signs of dormancy include yellowing and dying back of leaves, and cessation of new growth, signaling the plant to conserve energy.
To guide the plant through dormancy, gradually reduce watering as leaves yellow and wither. Once foliage dies back, water infrequently, just enough to prevent the tuber from drying out. Move the plant to a cool, dark, well-ventilated location, such as a basement or shaded outdoor spot.
After two to three months, typically in early fall, new growth should emerge, indicating the plant is ready to break dormancy. Gradually reintroduce water and light to encourage reblooming.
Troubleshooting Common Cyclamen Problems
Several issues can arise when caring for cyclamen, often stemming from environmental conditions. Yellowing leaves can indicate overwatering, excessive heat, or natural dormancy. If yellowing occurs outside the typical dormancy season, it may suggest the plant is too warm or receiving too much moisture.
Wilting foliage, despite moist soil, can be a symptom of root rot caused by overwatering, which starves roots of oxygen. Conversely, wilting can also occur from severe underwatering. If wilting is observed, check soil moisture levels thoroughly and adjust watering practices.
A lack of blooms during the active growing season often points to insufficient light, incorrect temperature, or nutrient deficiency. Ensuring bright, indirect light and cool temperatures encourages flowering.
Cyclamen are resistant to most houseplant pests, but spider mites or aphids can occur. Faded foliage can be a sign of spider mites. If pests are detected, non-toxic solutions like wiping foliage clean or using insecticidal soap can manage infestations. Addressing these problems involves adjusting the plant’s environment to align with its care requirements.