“Bell orchid” is a common term for a diverse group of orchids known for their distinctive, pendulous, bell-shaped flowers. These blooms are a captivating addition to any plant collection.
Understanding Bell Orchids
The term “bell orchid” is a descriptive name for various orchid species with bell or trumpet-shaped flowers. Their blooms feature sepals and petals that curve inwards or downwards, forming a cup-like silhouette. Colors vary widely, from whites and creams to vibrant yellows, oranges, and fuchsias. Many also exhibit a subtle fragrance.
Several genera and species are called “bell orchids” due to their flower shapes. Examples include some Coelogyne species from Asia, Dendrobium species like Dendrobium speciosum from Australia, and Phalaenopsis bellina. These orchids often grow as epiphytes, clinging to trees or rocks.
Cultivating Bell Orchids
Light Requirements
Bell orchids generally thrive in bright, indirect light conditions, mimicking their natural dappled light environments. Placing them in an east or west-facing window is often ideal, providing sufficient brightness without harsh direct sun. Too much direct sunlight can scorch leaves, while insufficient light can lead to weak growth or a lack of blooms. A faint shadow cast by a hand over the leaves indicates appropriate light.
Watering and Humidity
Bell orchids prefer their potting medium to dry out completely between waterings. Thoroughly soak the pot until water drains, then allow the top inch to dry before watering again. Overwatering causes root rot, identifiable by mushy or foul-smelling roots.
High humidity (60-80%) is beneficial and can be achieved with humidity trays, humidifiers, or misting aerial roots.
Temperature and Airflow
Bell orchids prefer daytime temperatures of 70-80°F (21-27°C) and cooler nights of 55-65°F (13-18°C). This temperature difference can stimulate blooming.
Good air circulation prevents fungal issues and promotes healthy growth. Place plants in areas with gentle air movement, away from direct drafts.
Potting Medium and Repotting
Bell orchids prefer well-draining potting mixes for root aeration, such as bark, sphagnum moss, perlite, and charcoal. Repot when the plant outgrows its container or the medium breaks down, typically every one to two years. Choose a pot size that accommodates the root ball and has drainage holes to prevent waterlogging.
Fertilization
During active growth, fertilize bell orchids every one to two weeks with a quarter-strength, balanced orchid-specific fertilizer. Some growers use higher nitrogen for vegetative growth and higher phosphorus for flowering. Periodically flush the pot with plain water to prevent salt buildup. Reduce or stop fertilization during dormant periods.
Propagating Bell Orchids
Bell orchids are most commonly propagated through division, especially for mature plants with multiple pseudobulbs. This method expands your collection while maintaining the parent plant’s genetic characteristics. Carefully separate the plant into sections, ensuring each new division has at least three or four healthy pseudobulbs and some roots.
Divide orchids after blooming but before new growth emerges. Remove the plant from its pot, untangle roots, and identify natural separation points. Use a clean, sharp tool to cut the rhizome into new divisions. Pot each division in its own appropriately sized pot with fresh orchid medium. After repotting, water sparingly until new root growth is evident, often by misting.
Troubleshooting Common Bell Orchid Issues
Bell orchids can encounter issues hindering growth or flowering. Yellowing leaves indicate too much direct sunlight or overwatering. Soft, yellow leaves often point to overwatering and root rot; crispy, yellow leaves suggest insufficient water or excessive light. Adjusting watering and light exposure can resolve these concerns.
A lack of blooms often stems from insufficient light or inadequate temperature fluctuations, as many bell orchids need a cool night period to initiate flowering. Pests like spider mites, mealybugs, or scale can affect bell orchids, appearing on leaves or stems. Inspect plants regularly and treat infestations promptly. Root rot, characterized by mushy, brown, or black roots, results from overwatering or poor drainage. Promptly repot with fresh, well-draining medium after removing affected roots.