Growing an apricot tree from seed is a rewarding, multi-year project. Most commercial fruit trees are grown by grafting a desired variety onto an established rootstock to ensure consistent fruit quality. Starting from a seed introduces genetic variability, meaning the resulting fruit may differ in size, flavor, or texture from the parent apricot. This process allows for the development of a tree with a deep, robust root system, making it well-suited to its local environment. This guide outlines the steps needed to cultivate your own apricot tree, beginning with the seed’s preparation.
Extracting and Preparing the Apricot Seed
Obtain the hard pit from a fully ripened apricot, as mature seeds have a higher chance of successful germination. Once the fruit flesh is removed, the pit must be thoroughly cleaned under cool, running water to eliminate any sticky residue.
The apricot pit is the hard outer shell that protects the true seed, the kernel. Carefully crack this shell to extract the kernel, as the shell itself can inhibit germination. Use a nutcracker or a gentle tap with a hammer to open the pit, taking caution to avoid damaging the delicate kernel inside.
The almond-shaped kernel should be inspected for any cracks or signs of damage. Healthy kernels are plump and solid; discard any that appear shriveled or lightweight. Allow the kernels to dry slightly at room temperature for about 24 hours before moving on to stratification.
The Essential Step of Stratification
Apricot seeds exhibit dormancy, which prevents them from germinating during an unfavorable season. To overcome this, cold, moist stratification is required to simulate the natural conditions of winter. This chilling period is necessary to chemically break the dormancy and prepare the seed for spring growth.
Stratification is accomplished by placing the prepared kernels in a cool, damp environment. Mix the seeds with a sterile, moisture-retaining medium like peat moss, clean sand, or a moistened paper towel. The goal is to keep the medium moist, but never soggy, to prevent the growth of fungal pathogens.
Place the mixture inside an airtight container or a sealed plastic bag and store it in a refrigerator. The ideal temperature range is between 35 and 45 degrees Fahrenheit (2 to 7 degrees Celsius). Apricot seeds require a chilling period of 60 to 90 days. Regularly check the seeds to ensure the medium remains lightly damp and to watch for any signs of mold growth.
Sowing the Seed and Initial Growth
Following the required cold period, the seed is ready to be sown. Select a planting container that is at least 6 inches deep and has excellent drainage holes. A deep pot allows the developing taproot to grow downward without becoming root-bound.
Fill the container with a well-draining potting mix, such as a blend of standard potting soil and perlite or sand. Plant the stratified seed shallowly, approximately 1 to 2 inches deep, with any visible root tip pointed downward. Water the soil gently to settle the medium and eliminate air pockets around the seed.
Place the pot in a location that receives ample sunlight, ideally 6 to 8 hours daily. Maintaining a consistent temperature between 65 and 75 degrees Fahrenheit (18 to 24 degrees Celsius) is beneficial for the emerging seedling. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged until the seedling grows to a height of 8 to 12 inches.
Transplanting and Long-Term Care
Before permanently planting the young sapling outdoors, it must undergo hardening off. This involves slowly acclimating the tree to direct sun, wind, and temperature fluctuations over seven to ten days. This step prevents the young, tender leaves from being scorched or damaged.
The permanent planting location should offer full sun exposure and have well-drained soil, as apricots are intolerant of standing water. The hole should be dug wide enough to accommodate the entire root ball. Position the sapling so that the crown remains level with the surrounding soil. Deep watering immediately after transplanting helps the soil settle around the roots.
Unlike grafted trees, which may bear fruit in two to three years, an apricot tree grown from seed requires a longer maturation period. The first harvest can be expected anywhere from three to ten years after the initial planting. Basic long-term care includes consistent watering during dry spells and light pruning in late winter to maintain a strong structure.