Navigating stairs while using crutches requires careful attention to balance and weight distribution. Incorrect movement can lead to a fall, potentially causing a new injury or worsening the existing one. The fundamental principle for safe stair movement involves consistently using the strong, uninjured leg to bear the body’s weight and control the motion. This technique minimizes strain on the affected limb and maximizes stability during this unstable maneuver.
Preparing for Safe Stair Navigation
Before attempting to ascend or descend any staircase, ensure both the equipment and the environment are ready. Crutches must be properly fitted, with handgrips positioned to allow a 15 to 30-degree bend in the elbow. The top of the crutches should rest approximately 1.5 to 2 inches below the armpit, preventing excessive pressure on nerves. Additionally, the stairway should be clear of obstructions, loose rugs, or moisture that could cause the crutch tips to slip.
If a sturdy handrail is available, use it for enhanced support. To free one hand for the handrail, consolidate both crutches and hold them together in the opposite hand. Grip the handholds of both crutches with one hand, typically positioning them on the side of the injured leg. The handrail provides a fixed point of contact, which is more reliable than relying solely on the crutches. Approach the stairs and stand close to the first step, facing the direction of travel.
Technique for Ascending Stairs
Moving up stairs follows the principle of “Up with the good,” meaning the strong, uninjured leg moves first. Position the crutches and the injured foot on the starting step. Shift your body weight onto your hands, pressing down firmly on the crutch handholds and the handrail, if used.
The strong leg lifts and steps onto the next step above, propelling the body upward. The body’s weight is briefly supported by the hands and the single strong foot now on the higher step. The injured leg and the crutches then follow immediately, moving up to join the strong foot on the same step.
This sequence ensures that lifting is performed by the uninjured limb, which can bear the full load. The crutches and the injured leg serve primarily as stabilizers. Pause on each step to regain full balance before initiating the upward movement. Repeating this cycle step-by-step allows for a controlled and sound ascent, minimizing the risk of a fall.
Technique for Descending Stairs
Descending stairs requires a reversal of the movement pattern, following the principle of “Down with the bad.” The strong leg remains on the upper step while the crutches and the injured leg are lowered first onto the step below. Ensure the crutch tips are firmly placed on the lower step before transferring any weight.
Weight is then shifted to the hands and the crutches, while the strong leg on the upper step controls the slow, deliberate lowering of the body. The injured leg is kept slightly bent or held away from the step to prevent accidental weight-bearing. The strong leg then follows down to the lower step, joining the crutches and the injured leg.
This method uses the strong leg to absorb and control the downward force. The crutches provide a stable base of support on the lower surface, reducing the reliance on the strong leg to manage the full gravitational pull. Avoid hopping or rushing the movement, as descending demands more strength and control than ascending. Repeat this step-by-step process for each stair until the bottom landing is reached.