A urine sample, or urinalysis, is a common non-invasive diagnostic tool that provides significant insights into a person’s health. The analysis of urine can help detect conditions like urinary tract infections (UTIs) and diabetes, or monitor the function of the kidneys and liver. To ensure accurate and reliable test results, it is necessary to obtain a non-contaminated sample. Contamination by bacteria or debris from the external genital area can lead to false results.
Preparing for Accurate Collection
Careful preparation minimizes the risk of contamination from the surrounding skin and genital area. Before starting, gather the necessary supplies, which typically include a sterile collection cup and antiseptic towelettes or wipes. Wash and dry your hands thoroughly to prevent transferring bacteria to the collection materials or the sample itself.
The next step is to clean the genital area, which is important because the urethra is close to the vagina and rectum. Sit on the toilet with your legs spread apart, then use one hand to spread the folds of skin around the urinary opening (the labia). While holding the labia apart, use the provided towelettes to wipe the area from front to back only, discarding each wipe after a single pass. This front-to-back motion moves bacteria away from the urethral opening.
Step-by-Step Clean-Catch Midstream Technique
The “clean-catch midstream” technique is designed to collect urine free of bacteria and cells from the surrounding skin. After cleansing, continue to hold the labia apart with one hand throughout the process to keep the urinary opening exposed. Begin to urinate a small amount directly into the toilet bowl. This initial stream flushes out contaminants and is not collected, which is why the method is called “midstream.”
Without stopping the flow, carefully bring the sterile collection cup into the stream to capture the middle portion of the urine. Fill the cup about halfway, or to the indicated level, taking care not to touch the rim or the outside of the cup to your body. Once enough urine has been collected, remove the cup from the stream and finish urinating the remainder into the toilet. If you are menstruating, note this on the collection form; you may be instructed to insert a fresh tampon before collecting the sample.
Post-Collection Care and Transport
Immediately secure the lid tightly onto the cup, avoiding contact with the inside of the cap or container. Label the container accurately with your full name, date of birth, and the exact date and time of collection. This labeling ensures the sample is correctly matched to your records and allows the laboratory to assess the sample’s age.
Timely transport is necessary because urine is a suitable medium for bacterial growth, which can alter test results if left at room temperature. Ideally, the sample should be submitted to the laboratory or clinic within one hour of collection. If immediate submission is not possible, the sample must be stored in a refrigerator at approximately 4°C (39°F) and delivered within 24 hours. Refrigeration slows bacterial multiplication and preserves the sample’s integrity for accurate analysis.