Orthodontic elastics, commonly called rubber bands, are a powerful tool used in the later phases of braces treatment to finalize the position of the teeth and jaws. While brackets and wires handle most individual tooth alignment, the elastics apply the necessary force to correct the relationship between the upper and lower arches. Consistent use of these bands is the single greatest factor patients control that influences how quickly they can complete treatment. Ignoring the instructions for wearing and replacing these elastics will directly lengthen the overall time spent in braces.
The Mechanism of Elastic Bands in Accelerating Orthodontics
Orthodontic elastics function by applying a continuous, targeted force to correct the alignment of the entire bite, or occlusion, a task that brackets and wires alone cannot achieve. Brackets and wires primarily work within each arch, straightening the teeth individually. The elastics work across the arches to coordinate the position of the upper and lower jaws. The bands connect specific anchor points, such as hooks or buttons, on the upper and lower braces to create a pulling action. For instance, a Class II configuration corrects an overbite by moving the upper teeth back and the lower teeth forward, while a Class III configuration corrects an underbite. This force dictates when the teeth will properly interlock, which is a requirement for the final removal of braces.
Essential Compliance Rules for Consistent Force
Achieving the fastest possible treatment time depends entirely on maintaining a consistent level of force on the teeth and jaws. To maximize the efficiency of the bands, they must be worn for at least 22 hours every day, only being removed for brushing and flossing. Wearing the elastics continuously ensures the movement is constant and prevents regression. Teeth begin to move back toward their original positions almost immediately upon band removal, making intermittent wear largely ineffective. Full-time wear allows the mouth to adapt to the pressure more quickly, leading to faster movement and reduced discomfort.
To ensure the force remains therapeutic, the elastics must be replaced frequently, typically three to four times per day. The material loses its elasticity and strength after several hours of being stretched in the mouth. After approximately eight to twelve hours, the bands no longer exert the necessary force to move the teeth effectively. A good schedule involves replacing the bands after every meal and again before bed, ensuring fresh elastics apply optimal tension. Patients must also adhere strictly to the exact pattern prescribed, as wearing the bands incorrectly will move the teeth in an unintended direction and delay the final result.
Common Mistakes That Delay Treatment
One of the most frequent errors that prolongs treatment is inconsistent wear, which negates the principle of continuous force. Skipping even a few consecutive hours permits the teeth to rebound slightly, partially reversing previous progress. When the bands are reapplied, the process of overcoming the rebound effect must begin again, substantially extending the overall timeline.
Another mistake is attempting to self-accelerate treatment by using unauthorized methods, such as “doubling up” the elastics or using thicker bands than prescribed. Orthodontic movement relies on light, steady pressure to safely remodel the bone around the teeth; excessive force does not speed up the process. Applying too much tension can damage the tooth roots or cause uncontrolled movement that requires months of correction.
Patients also risk delays by reusing old, stretched-out bands or by improperly removing and reattaching them. Old elastics lose their strength and become ineffective at moving teeth. Stretching the bands excessively during removal can cause them to lose their tension prematurely, meaning they must be replaced much sooner to maintain the required force.