A yeast infection, or candidiasis, is a common fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of the Candida yeast species, most often Candida albicans. This organism naturally lives on the skin and in the body, but changes can cause it to multiply, leading to symptoms like itching, burning, and thick discharge. Accessing effective antifungal treatment is straightforward, involving either readily available retail products or prescription options.
Over-the-Counter Treatment Options
The quickest and most common route for treating a mild yeast infection is through over-the-counter (OTC) antifungal products. These medications are widely available at pharmacies, grocery stores, and big-box retailers, and they contain active ingredients designed to eliminate the fungal overgrowth. The most common antifungals in OTC products are miconazole and clotrimazole.
These topical treatments come in several forms, including creams, ointments, and vaginal suppositories (ovules). Creams and suppositories are inserted into the vagina, often using a disposable applicator. Miconazole is available in varying strengths that dictate the length of the treatment course, typically a 1-day, 3-day, or 7-day regimen.
A single-day treatment contains a higher concentration of the active ingredient, such as 1,200 mg of miconazole nitrate in a suppository. While the shorter courses are convenient, the longer, lower-dose regimens are often recommended for individuals with diabetes or those who are pregnant, as they provide a more gradual treatment.
Obtaining Prescribed Medication
Prescription medication is necessary when an infection is severe, persistent, or fails to respond to OTC treatments. The most frequently prescribed medication is fluconazole, an oral antifungal tablet, typically given as a single 150 mg dose. This offers a convenient alternative to topical applications.
Since fluconazole is not available over the counter, obtaining it requires a consultation with a healthcare provider. This consultation can be secured through an in-person visit with a primary care physician or gynecologist, or via walk-in clinics or urgent care centers.
Telehealth services have become an increasingly popular and efficient way to access fluconazole. Many online platforms allow patients to complete a digital questionnaire or have a quick video consultation with a licensed medical provider. If the provider determines the condition is a simple yeast infection, they can electronically send a prescription to the patient’s preferred pharmacy.
When to Consult a Healthcare Provider
While self-treating with OTC products is common, certain situations require professional medical evaluation to ensure the correct diagnosis and treatment. Consult a healthcare provider if symptoms do not begin to improve within a few days of using an OTC product, or if they worsen. A doctor’s visit is also warranted if it is the first time experiencing these symptoms, as other conditions like a urinary tract infection or a sexually transmitted infection can mimic a yeast infection.
Specific patient characteristics and infection patterns are indicators for professional intervention. Individuals who experience recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, defined as four or more infections within a year, should seek medical care.
Additionally, those who are pregnant, have poorly controlled diabetes, or have a weakened immune system should always consult a provider before starting treatment. These factors can complicate treatment, and in the case of pregnancy, oral fluconazole is generally avoided in favor of longer course topical treatments.
Preventing Future Infections
After treating an active infection, certain lifestyle adjustments can help reduce the likelihood of recurrence. The overgrowth of Candida is often triggered by an environment that promotes moisture and warmth. Switching to breathable underwear, such as cotton, and avoiding tight-fitting clothing can help keep the genital area dry.
Hygiene practices also play a role in maintaining the natural balance of the vaginal environment. It is advisable to avoid douching and the use of scented feminine hygiene products, as these can disrupt the healthy balance of bacteria. Promptly changing out of wet swimsuits or sweaty workout clothes is also an effective way to limit the moist conditions yeast thrives in. Dietary factors may contribute, as yeast feeds on glucose, so moderating sugar intake may be beneficial for prevention.