The presence of wasps at a hummingbird feeder is a common issue for backyard enthusiasts. Wasps are drawn to the sugar water because it is a high-energy food source, especially in the late summer and fall when natural supplies diminish. The goal is to implement safe, non-toxic strategies that make the feeder accessible only to the hummingbirds. Successfully deterring the wasps requires a multi-pronged approach, focusing on modifying the feeder and managing the insect population.
Feeder Adjustments to Deter Wasps
Altering the physical characteristics and contents of the feeder can make it less attractive to wasps. Hummingbird nectar is typically a 1:4 ratio of refined white sugar to water, mimicking natural flower nectars. Slightly diluting the mixture to a 1:5 ratio can deter wasps without negatively affecting hummingbirds. This minor reduction makes the reward less worthwhile for the insects, which prefer higher sugar levels.
The feeder design plays a large role in preventing insect access. Wasps and bees have shorter mouthparts than hummingbirds and cannot reach nectar held deep within the reservoir. Switching to a saucer-style feeder, where the nectar sits below the feeding ports, keeps the liquid out of reach. Many feeders also come with small plastic inserts, sometimes called nectar guards, that reduce the size of the feeding hole. These guards allow hummingbirds’ long bills to access the liquid while physically blocking the wider bodies of wasps.
Color choice is another factor, as yellow strongly attracts wasps and bees. Feeders with yellow accents, particularly around the feeding ports, should be avoided or modified. Hummingbirds are naturally drawn to red, so choosing an all-red feeder or removing existing yellow parts reduces the visual cue that draws wasps. Regularly inspecting the feeder for leaks and drips is also important, since a small spill of sticky nectar on the outside will immediately attract wasps.
Active Removal and Diversion Methods
Moving the hummingbird feeder a short distance can disrupt the established foraging routine of the wasps. Wasps use visual cues and memory to return to successful food sources, and relocation is often enough to confuse them temporarily. Hummingbirds are highly mobile and have a good memory for food locations, so they will quickly find the relocated feeder.
A more permanent solution involves setting up a separate diversion feeder or trap specifically for the wasps, placed well away from the hummingbird station. This diversion feeder should contain a highly concentrated sugar solution, such as a 1:1 sugar-to-water ratio, which is more appealing than the diluted hummingbird nectar. Placing this decoy feeder in a sunny, accessible spot ensures the wasps choose the stronger source.
Non-toxic traps can be made using a simple bottle design, where the top portion is inverted into the bottom to create a funnel. The trap is baited with a sweet liquid, such as concentrated sugar water, fruit juice, or soda. Adding a drop of dish soap helps break the surface tension, preventing the wasps from escaping. These traps should be placed at least 20 to 30 feet away from the hummingbird feeder to draw the wasps away.
Protecting Hummingbirds During Wasp Control
While implementing wasp control strategies, maintaining the health and safety of the hummingbirds must remain the priority. Cleanliness is paramount, as nectar can ferment or develop mold, especially in warm temperatures, which is harmful. Feeders must be cleaned thoroughly every two to three days, using hot water and a brush.
Never use chemical sprays, insecticides, or pesticides near the feeding area. These substances are highly toxic and can be fatal even in small amounts. Similarly, sticky repellents, petroleum jelly, or cooking oils should not be applied to the feeder, as these products can damage the hummingbirds’ delicate feathers. After making adjustments, monitor the hummingbirds to ensure they continue to feed comfortably and are not deterred by the changes.