Swimmer’s eye refers to the common eye irritation many individuals experience after spending time in bodies of water, particularly swimming pools. This discomfort arises when the delicate surface of the eye reacts to various substances present in the water. This article provides information and solutions for managing and avoiding this condition.
Understanding Swimmer’s Eye
Swimmer’s eye often manifests as burning, stinging, or itchiness in the eyes. Individuals might also notice redness, grittiness, or a watery discharge. These symptoms occur because water, especially in treated swimming pools, can disrupt the eye’s natural tear film, which provides lubrication and protection.
Disinfectants like chlorine are often the primary culprits. While effective at killing pathogens, chlorine can strip away the tear film, leaving the conjunctiva exposed and irritated. In natural bodies of water, irritation can stem from environmental irritants like pollen, algae, or microscopic organisms. These foreign substances directly irritate the eye’s surface, leading to an inflammatory response.
At-Home Treatments and Immediate Relief
Upon noticing symptoms, immediate action can provide significant relief. Gently rinsing the eyes with a sterile saline solution is a highly effective first step. This solution helps wash away irritants and rehydrate the eye’s surface. If sterile saline is not immediately available, clean, cool tap water can be used as a temporary alternative.
Following the rinse, applying over-the-counter lubricating eye drops can help restore moisture and soothe the irritated ocular surface. Preservative-free drops are often beneficial, as preservatives can sometimes cause additional irritation. These drops help replenish the tear film and reduce friction on the eye.
A cool compress placed over closed eyelids can also help alleviate discomfort and reduce any associated swelling. This application of cold can constrict blood vessels, minimizing redness and providing a soothing sensation. Avoid rubbing the eyes, as this can worsen irritation and potentially introduce more contaminants. Maintaining good hand hygiene before touching the eyes is also important to prevent secondary infections.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While swimmer’s eye often resolves with home care, certain symptoms indicate a need for professional medical evaluation. If eye pain becomes persistent or severe, or if symptoms worsen despite home treatments, consult a healthcare provider. Changes in vision, such as blurriness, or increased sensitivity to light, also warrant medical attention.
A thick, pus-like discharge from the eye or intense redness that does not subside are additional indicators. If symptoms do not show significant improvement within one to two days of consistent at-home treatment, an underlying infection or another eye condition might be present. A doctor or ophthalmologist can accurately diagnose the issue and recommend appropriate treatment, which might include prescription eye drops.
Preventing Swimmer’s Eye
Proactive measures can significantly reduce the likelihood of developing swimmer’s eye. Wearing properly fitting swim goggles creates a protective barrier, preventing direct contact between the water and the eyes. This physical barrier is especially effective in chlorinated pools or natural waters containing various irritants. Rinsing the eyes thoroughly with fresh, clean water immediately after exiting the pool or natural body of water helps wash away any remaining chemicals or potential irritants before they can cause prolonged irritation.
Avoid rubbing your eyes during and after swimming, as this can introduce bacteria from your hands and worsen any existing irritation. Showering before entering a swimming pool can also contribute to prevention by removing personal contaminants like lotions, sweat, and dirt from the skin. These substances can react with chlorine to form chloramines, which are known eye irritants. For pool owners, maintaining balanced pool chemistry, including appropriate pH levels and disinfectant concentrations, is important in minimizing eye irritation for swimmers.