Prolapsed hemorrhoids occur when swollen veins, typically located inside the rectum, bulge or protrude outside the anus. This common condition affects many adults, with symptoms ranging from discomfort and itching to bleeding. Many cases can be managed effectively without surgical intervention. This article explores various non-surgical approaches to help alleviate symptoms and promote healing.
At-Home Strategies for Relief
Managing prolapsed hemorrhoids often begins with lifestyle adjustments and simple remedies. Increasing dietary fiber intake helps soften stools and promotes easier bowel movements, reducing straining. Incorporating fiber-rich foods such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains into daily meals can aid in this process.
Adequate hydration is important; drinking plenty of water works with fiber to keep stools soft and prevent constipation. Avoiding prolonged sitting on the toilet and straining during bowel movements is crucial to reduce pressure on the rectal veins. Gentle anal hygiene practices, such as using soft, unscented toilet paper or medicated wipes, can help prevent irritation.
Sitz baths offer a soothing and effective method for relieving pain and discomfort. Soaking the anal area in warm water for 10 to 15 minutes, two to three times a day, can help reduce inflammation and ease symptoms. Applying a cold compress or ice pack wrapped in a cloth to the affected area for 15 minutes can help reduce swelling and numb pain.
Over-the-Counter Medications
Over-the-counter (OTC) medications help manage prolapsed hemorrhoid symptoms. These products come in several forms, including creams, ointments, suppositories, and medicated wipes, each designed to provide targeted relief. Many OTC hemorrhoid products combine active ingredients that address different symptoms.
Hydrocortisone, a corticosteroid, is found in creams and suppositories, reducing inflammation, redness, and itching. Products containing hydrocortisone are recommended for short-term use, typically not exceeding seven days, to avoid potential side effects. Witch hazel, a natural astringent, is available in medicated wipes or gels, helping to cool, soothe, and temporarily relieve burning, itching, and irritation by tightening tissues.
Lidocaine, a local anesthetic, is found in many creams and numbing ointments. It blocks nerve signals in the skin, alleviating pain and discomfort. These topical treatments provide temporary relief from pain, itching, and swelling, making daily activities more manageable while the hemorrhoids heal.
Doctor-Administered Non-Surgical Treatments
When home remedies and over-the-counter medications are not sufficient, medical professionals offer minimally invasive, non-surgical procedures to treat prolapsed hemorrhoids. These procedures are typically performed in an office or outpatient setting. Rubber band ligation is a common method: a healthcare provider places small rubber bands around the base of an internal hemorrhoid. This cuts off the hemorrhoid’s blood supply, causing it to shrink and fall off within approximately a week.
Sclerotherapy involves injecting a chemical solution directly into the hemorrhoid tissue. This solution causes the hemorrhoid to shrink. The injection typically causes minimal pain.
Infrared coagulation (IRC), also known as photocoagulation, uses an intense beam of infrared light to create scar tissue. This cuts off the blood supply to small to medium-sized internal hemorrhoids. The heat causes the hemorrhoid to harden and shrivel. Patients might experience warmth or mild pain during the procedure. These treatments offer effective solutions for hemorrhoids that do not respond to conservative measures.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
While many cases of prolapsed hemorrhoids can be managed with home care and over-the-counter treatments, certain symptoms indicate the need for professional medical evaluation. Consult a healthcare provider if bleeding occurs during bowel movements, especially if severe or persistent. Changes in bowel habits or significant alterations in stool color or consistency also warrant a doctor’s visit, as these could signal more serious underlying conditions.
Seek medical attention if pain, itching, or discomfort do not improve after a week of home treatment. A healthcare professional can provide an accurate diagnosis, rule out conditions such as colorectal or anal cancer, and recommend the appropriate course of action. If there is severe pain, a hard lump near the anus, or signs of infection, prompt medical care is necessary.