Nasal mites (Pneumonyssoides caninum) are microscopic parasites that inhabit the nasal passages and sinus cavities of dogs. They affect canines of all breeds, sexes, and ages. Understanding how to identify, address, and prevent these infestations is important for maintaining your dog’s well-being and respiratory health. This guide explores the signs of infestation, veterinary diagnostic methods, effective treatment strategies, and measures to prevent recurrence.
Recognizing the Signs
Dogs infested with nasal mites exhibit clinical signs varying in severity. Common indicators include frequent sneezing and “reverse sneezing,” where the dog rapidly pulls air inward, producing a snorting sound. Other symptoms are nosebleeds (epistaxis) and persistent nasal discharge.
Dogs might also show behavioral changes such as pawing or rubbing at their face, head shaking, or labored, noisy breathing. Some affected dogs may have an impaired sense of smell. Canine nasal mites are highly host-specific and do not infect humans.
Veterinary Diagnosis
Accurately diagnosing a nasal mite infestation requires professional veterinary assessment, as many symptoms can overlap with other respiratory conditions. Veterinarians employ specific procedures to confirm the presence of these parasites.
A common diagnostic method is a nasal flush, which involves flushing the nasal chambers to collect mites or fluid for microscopic examination. Rhinoscopy, an endoscopic examination, is another effective tool where a flexible scope is inserted into the nasal passages to directly visualize the mites. Since mites are only about 1 millimeter long, they are difficult to see without magnification. Additional diagnostics like blood tests, X-rays, or CT scans may be performed to rule out other potential causes of the dog’s symptoms.
Effective Treatment Options
Once a diagnosis is confirmed, veterinarians prescribe specific antiparasitic medications to eliminate nasal mites. The most commonly used treatments include ivermectin, milbemycin oxime, and selamectin. These medications are often administered in multiple doses over a period to ensure all life stages of the mites are targeted. Ivermectin can be administered orally or subcutaneously, while selamectin is typically a topical application. Although some of these medications are used “off-label” for nasal mites, they have shown high efficacy.
Pet owners must follow veterinary instructions precisely, as incorrect dosing can lead to adverse effects. Ivermectin, for instance, can be fatal in overdose, especially for certain breeds like Collies that may have a genetic sensitivity. Selamectin can also cause rare side effects such as vomiting, diarrhea, or muscle tremors, with some breeds being more susceptible. Unproven home remedies should be avoided, as they are unlikely to be effective and could potentially harm your dog.
Preventing Recurrence
Preventing future nasal mite infestations involves avoiding exposure and consistent preventative care. Nasal mites are highly contagious and primarily spread through direct nose-to-nose contact between dogs. Limiting contact with unfamiliar or potentially infected dogs, particularly in environments like dog parks or boarding facilities, can reduce the risk of transmission.
While mites do not survive long off a host, they can persist in the environment for up to 19 days. Regular veterinary check-ups allow for early detection and intervention. Some monthly parasite preventatives, such as those containing selamectin or moxidectin, can offer ongoing protection against nasal mites.