Braces often lead to the development of painful mouth sores, which are small ulcers forming on the soft tissues of the cheeks, lips, or tongue. These lesions are a common source of discomfort, particularly during the initial phase of orthodontic treatment. While not usually serious, these sores can significantly interfere with speaking, eating, and maintaining proper oral hygiene. Understanding the cause of these irritations is the first step toward effective relief and prevention.
Why Braces Cause Sores
The primary cause of these sores is mechanical irritation from the orthodontic appliances. Metal brackets, bands, and the ends of archwires create friction against the delicate lining of the mouth, known as the oral mucosa. This constant rubbing breaks down the tissue barrier, resulting in small cuts or abrasions that develop into painful ulcers. Sharp edges on brackets or newly positioned wires, especially after an adjustment, are common culprits for this trauma. The soft tissues are not initially adapted to the hardware, making them vulnerable to injury.
Quick Relief for Active Sores
Immediate relief focuses on creating a smooth barrier and numbing the area. Orthodontic wax provides a simple, effective mechanical solution by covering the offending bracket or wire. To apply the wax, take a small, pea-sized piece, roll it between clean fingers to soften it, and then press it firmly over the dry appliance causing the irritation. The wax creates a protective layer, allowing the irritated tissue underneath to begin healing without constant friction. Topical anesthetic gels, often containing benzocaine, can be applied directly to the sore to temporarily numb nerve endings and reduce pain. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen, can help manage general soreness and inflammation.
Accelerating Healing and Recovery
Beyond immediate pain relief, specific at-home techniques promote faster healing of the ulcerated tissue. Rinsing the mouth with a warm salt water solution is highly recommended. The salt water helps draw fluid from the tissue, reducing swelling and providing an antiseptic environment that minimizes the risk of secondary infection. Mix one teaspoon of salt into eight ounces of warm water and gently swish the solution for about 30 seconds multiple times a day.
Temporary dietary changes are also beneficial, as certain foods can aggravate the sore and delay recovery. Avoid highly acidic items like citrus fruits, spicy foods, or anything crunchy or abrasive that could physically reopen the wound. Maintaining excellent oral hygiene is necessary to prevent infection, but brushing should be done with a soft-bristled toothbrush and extreme gentleness. If a sore persists for longer than two weeks, shows signs of infection, or results from a broken wire, professional attention from an orthodontist is warranted.
Stopping Sores Before They Start
A proactive approach is the way to prevent the recurrence of mouth sores once the initial irritation has subsided. Regularly inspect the braces for any poking wires or loose brackets, particularly after meals or adjustments. If a wire is protruding, apply a small piece of orthodontic wax immediately, or contact your orthodontist for a quick clip. Over time, the oral mucosa will naturally adapt to the braces through a process known as keratinization, where the soft tissue toughens up. Until this adaptation occurs, consistently using wax or asking your orthodontist about silicone covers for problem areas can prevent irritation from developing into ulcers. Staying well-hydrated is also a simple preventive measure, as a dry mouth increases tissue vulnerability to friction.