Montgomery Tubercles, sometimes called Montgomery glands, are small, raised bumps found on the areola, the darker skin surrounding the nipple. These bumps are a normal part of the breast anatomy, present in all individuals, though they vary in size and visibility. While they may cause cosmetic concern, they are a functioning component of the body’s protective system. It is important to understand that these structures are not blemishes or acne.
Understanding Their Function and Purpose
Montgomery Tubercles are sebaceous glands, which are oil-producing glands found throughout the skin. These glands secrete a natural, oily substance known as sebum directly onto the areola and nipple surface. This oily secretion serves to lubricate the skin and prevent it from drying out, cracking, or chafing.
The sebum also contains natural antibacterial properties, offering protection against potential infections. During pregnancy and lactation, the secretions from these glands are believed to emit a subtle scent that helps guide a newborn to the breast, promoting successful latching. Hormonal fluctuations, such as those occurring during the menstrual cycle or pregnancy, often cause these glands to become noticeably enlarged and more prominent.
Why Removal Is Generally Not Recommended
Attempts to physically remove or aggressively treat Montgomery Tubercles are discouraged due to the risk of complications. Since they are glands and not typical pimples or cysts, trying to squeeze or pop them will not result in permanent removal and can introduce bacteria. This manipulation increases the possibility of causing a painful localized infection, inflammation, or a blocked gland.
Aggressive actions like scrubbing or picking can damage the delicate skin of the areola and nipple. Any physical trauma or incision carries the risk of creating permanent scarring, which may become more noticeable than the original tubercle. Elective surgical removal is an option for certain cases but may impact the ability to breastfeed by interfering with the natural lubrication and signaling process.
Safe Ways to Minimize Their Appearance
The most effective approach involves gentle, non-invasive care that respects their biological function. Since harsh soaps can strip away the protective sebum, cleaning the areola and nipple area with only warm water during a shower is the best practice. If a cleanser is necessary, choose a mild, non-scented, and non-irritating product, using it sparingly to avoid excessive dryness.
Wearing supportive, comfortable, and breathable undergarments made from materials like cotton can help reduce friction and irritation. For individuals experiencing dryness or cracking, particularly during breastfeeding, applying a small amount of a gentle, pure moisturizer, such as lanolin or unscented cocoa butter, can be helpful. Avoid applying heavy, pore-clogging lotions directly onto the tubercles, as this can potentially lead to blockage and inflammation. The increased visibility during hormonal phases often subsides naturally once those hormonal changes stabilize.
Identifying When Medical Attention Is Needed
Certain signs indicate a need for professional medical evaluation to rule out infection or other issues. You should consult a healthcare provider if a tubercle or the surrounding areola exhibits signs of acute infection. These symptoms include increasing redness, significant swelling, warmth to the touch, or persistent pain in the area.
The presence of pus, discharge (especially if not breastfeeding), or a fever alongside these local symptoms warrants attention. A doctor can diagnose if the gland is merely inflamed, has developed a Montgomery cyst, or if a different skin condition is present. Any rapid or asymmetrical change in the breast tissue, or a persistent lump, also warrants a medical examination to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.