Hiccups (singultus) are involuntary spasms of the diaphragm muscle, the large, dome-shaped muscle beneath the lungs that controls breathing. This sudden contraction draws air into the lungs, followed by a quick closure of the vocal cords, producing the characteristic “hic” sound. Common triggers include eating too quickly, consuming carbonated beverages, or experiencing sudden excitement or stress. Relief techniques aim to interrupt the nerve signals that cause the spasm, primarily targeting the vagus and phrenic nerves.
Applying Pressure to Specific Areas
Applying pressure to specific areas is intended to reset the nerve signals responsible for the hiccup reflex. One technique involves applying gentle pressure directly to the diaphragm. Locate the soft area just below the sternum (breastbone) and apply mild, steady pressure with your fingers for 20 to 30 seconds. This localized pressure helps relax the muscle and interrupt the involuntary contractions.
Another accessible point is the pericardium 6 (P-6) or Inner Pass, located on the inner wrist. To find it, measure three finger-widths up from the wrist crease, positioning your thumb between the two prominent tendons in the center of your forearm. Applying firm, continuous pressure to this spot for about a minute may stimulate nerve pathways related to the hiccup reflex.
You can also stimulate the vagus nerve branches located near the ear. Find the small, soft depression just behind the earlobe, near where the jawbone meets the skull. Gently massaging or applying firm pressure to this spot, sometimes called the Triple Energizer 17 (TE-17), for 20 to 30 seconds may help calm the nerve irritation.
Physical Maneuvers to Interrupt Hiccups
Physical maneuvers change the body’s respiratory mechanics or internally stimulate the vagus or phrenic nerves to override the diaphragm spasm. A straightforward method involves holding your breath, which increases the level of carbon dioxide in the blood. This change in blood chemistry helps relax the diaphragm; take a deep breath and hold it for 10 to 20 seconds before exhaling slowly.
The Valsalva maneuver increases pressure within the chest and abdomen, directly stimulating the vagus nerve. To perform this, take a deep breath, close your mouth and nose, and attempt to exhale forcefully for 10 to 15 seconds, as if straining. Gargling with ice-cold water is another effective approach, as it stimulates the vagus nerve endings in the throat.
Rapidly drinking a glass of water, especially from the far side, forces the body into an awkward position that stimulates the phrenic nerve as the water passes down the esophagus. Alternatively, pull your knees up to your chest while sitting and lean forward for 30 seconds to a minute. This position compresses and physically stretches the diaphragm, which can help stop the spasm.
Persistent Hiccups and Medical Attention
Hiccups usually disappear within a few minutes or hours, but those lasting longer than 48 hours are classified as persistent or chronic. This prolonged duration suggests an underlying medical issue requiring professional evaluation, rather than simple nerve irritation from eating or drinking.
Underlying causes for chronic hiccups include irritation of the vagus or phrenic nerves due to conditions like acid reflux, certain medications, or structural issues in the neck or chest. Gastrointestinal diseases, central nervous system disorders, and metabolic issues can also trigger persistent hiccups. If hiccups interfere with eating, sleeping, or breathing, or are accompanied by symptoms like weight loss or chest pain, consult a healthcare provider. A doctor can determine the cause and may prescribe medications or other treatments to stop the spasms.