Genital herpes, caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), is a common condition that leads to outbreaks of painful sores. While physical discomfort is common, an unusual odor during an outbreak is also a concern. Addressing this smell involves understanding its true source and employing medical and hygienic strategies to manage it effectively.
Understanding Why Odor Occurs During Outbreaks
The herpes simplex virus itself does not produce a distinct smell; the odor is a byproduct of associated secondary infections. When a herpes lesion erupts, it forms a blister that breaks open, releasing fluid called exudate. This weeping sore creates a moist environment that fosters the growth of bacteria naturally present on the skin. As this bacterial population increases, the breakdown of the exudate and dead tissue generates the unpleasant smell.
The inflammation of an outbreak can also lead to a concurrent vaginal infection, particularly in individuals with vulvas. The most common is bacterial vaginosis (BV), characterized by an overgrowth of bacteria that often produces a noticeable, fishy odor. A strong, unpleasant smell is frequently a sign of secondary BV rather than the herpes virus itself. The change in the local environment may also increase susceptibility to candidiasis (a yeast infection), which contributes to changes in odor and discharge.
Clinical Treatments for Odor-Causing Secondary Infections
If an unpleasant odor is present during an outbreak, a medical consultation is necessary to determine if a secondary infection is the root cause. Healthcare providers can perform tests to diagnose conditions like bacterial vaginosis (BV) or a yeast infection, which require specific prescription treatments. BV is often treated with oral or topical antibiotics, while a yeast infection requires oral or vaginal antifungal medication. Treating these co-occurring conditions directly resolves the odor.
Management of the herpes outbreak itself is also a direct strategy for odor reduction. Antiviral medications, such as acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir, interfere with the virus’s ability to replicate. Taking these medications shortens the duration and severity of the outbreak. This reduces the time weeping lesions and exudate are present, meaning less opportunity for moisture and bacterial overgrowth to create a noticeable smell. Antivirals are most effective when started within 72 hours of the first symptoms.
At-Home Hygiene and Symptom Management
Careful hygiene practices help manage the odor associated with an outbreak. Gently cleanse the affected area with mild, unscented soap and warm water once or twice a day. After washing, the area must be thoroughly patted dry with a clean, soft towel. Reducing moisture is essential to preventing bacterial proliferation on the lesions.
Avoiding irritating products maintains a healthy environment during an outbreak. Scented soaps, douches, feminine hygiene sprays, and harsh chemical cleansers can disrupt the natural pH balance, potentially worsening a secondary infection like BV. Do not attempt to mask the odor with scents, as this can cause further irritation; focus instead on cleanliness and dryness. Wearing loose-fitting, breathable cotton undergarments helps air circulate, assisting in moisture control and reducing conditions where odor-causing bacteria thrive.