Green nails, also known as chloronychia, appear as a discoloration of the nail plate, often greenish-yellow, greenish-brown, or greenish-black. This change in nail color typically affects one or more fingernails and can indicate an underlying issue.
Understanding Green Nails and Their Causes
Green nails are primarily caused by an infection with the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This bacterium, commonly found in soil and water, produces blue-green pigments, pyocyanin and pyoverdin. These pigments accumulate in the nail, leading to the distinctive green discoloration.
The infection typically occurs when the nail’s protective barrier is compromised. Predisposing factors include prolonged moisture exposure, such as frequent handwashing or wet work, which creates a damp environment for bacterial growth. Minor nail trauma or underlying nail conditions like onycholysis (nail separation from the nail bed), psoriasis, or fungal infections can also increase susceptibility.
Effective Home Treatment Approaches
For mild cases, consistent hygiene and targeted applications are important. Keeping the affected nail and surrounding area dry is crucial, as Pseudomonas aeruginosa thrives in moist conditions. After washing hands, thoroughly dry the nails.
Antiseptic soaks can help. Diluted white vinegar (acetic acid), 1 part vinegar to 4-10 parts water, can be used for soaking the nail for 10 minutes, once or twice daily. Tea tree oil, known for its antimicrobial properties, can also be applied directly to the nail, often diluted with a carrier oil, or used in a nail bath. Trimming the affected nail as it grows out helps remove the discolored portion. Regularly cleaning under the nail with a soft brush also aids hygiene.
When to Seek Professional Medical Care
If green discoloration persists or worsens despite home care, or if there is accompanying pain, swelling, or signs of severe infection, professional medical evaluation is warranted. Individuals with underlying health conditions, like diabetes or a compromised immune system, should seek medical attention, as they are at higher risk for complications.
A healthcare provider, such as a dermatologist, can accurately diagnose the condition and rule out other potential causes of nail discoloration. Treatment might include topical antibiotic solutions or ointments. For more severe or persistent cases, oral antibiotics may be prescribed for several weeks. If conservative treatments fail or the infection is extensive, surgical removal of the infected nail tissue might be considered.
Strategies for Preventing Recurrence
Preventing green nails involves maintaining a dry nail environment and practicing good nail hygiene. Keeping nails dry, especially after water exposure, is a primary preventive measure. Wearing protective gloves for tasks involving prolonged water exposure, such as dishwashing, reduces moisture trapping.
Regular nail hygiene, including trimming and cleaning, minimizes areas where bacteria can accumulate. Avoiding nail trauma, like aggressive manicuring, prevents breaches in the nail’s protective barrier. Addressing underlying nail conditions, such as fungal infections or onycholysis, is important as they create environments conducive to Pseudomonas growth. Ensuring artificial nails are properly applied and sealed, and removing them if lifting occurs, prevents moisture trapping.