Gnat bites are small, often itchy, red welts on the skin. They stem from the bites of various small flying insects, including biting midges, black flies, and sand flies. While usually harmless, they can cause localized discomfort and irritation.
First Steps After a Bite
After a gnat bite, clean the affected area to alleviate discomfort and reduce irritation. Wash the bite gently with mild soap and water.
Applying a cold compress or an ice pack wrapped in a cloth can help reduce swelling and itching. Keep the compress on the affected area for 10 to 20 minutes. Elevating an affected arm or leg can also help decrease swelling.
Avoid scratching gnat bites. Scratching increases inflammation and intensifies itching by releasing more histamine. It can also break the skin, creating an opening for bacteria and increasing the risk of infection.
Treating Existing Bites
For existing gnat bites, various remedies can provide relief. Natural options include aloe vera, baking soda paste, or oatmeal baths. A paste of baking soda and water can be applied to the bite several times daily.
Over-the-counter (OTC) solutions also offer relief. Hydrocortisone cream can reduce itching, redness, and swelling. Calamine lotion is another option for minor skin irritations. Oral antihistamines, such as cetirizine or loratadine, can reduce itching and allergic reactions.
While gnat bites are minor, some symptoms indicate a need for medical attention. Seek professional help if the bite shows signs of infection like pus, spreading redness, increased pain, or warmth. Immediate medical care is also necessary for signs of a severe allergic reaction, such as difficulty breathing, swelling of the lips, face, or throat, dizziness, or a rapid heartbeat.
Avoiding New Bites
Preventing gnat bites involves personal protective measures and environmental control. When outdoors, cover exposed skin with long-sleeved shirts, long pants, socks, and closed shoes. Tucking shirts into pants and pants into socks offers additional coverage, as gnats cannot bite through fabric.
Use insect repellents containing DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus. Apply sunscreen first, allow it to dry, then apply repellent to exposed skin. Gnats are most active during mid-morning and at dusk; minimizing outdoor activity then can help. Avoid strong fragrances, which can attract insects.
Environmental control is important for reducing gnat populations around your home. Ensure windows and doors have intact screens. Consider using fans, as gnats are weak fliers and struggle against air currents. Eliminate standing water sources like clogged gutters, overwatered plants, and uncovered trash bins, as these are common breeding grounds.