Fig burn is a skin reaction that occurs after contact with the sap of fig plants, particularly when the affected skin is subsequently exposed to sunlight. This condition can lead to symptoms resembling a severe sunburn, including redness, inflammation, and blistering.
What Causes Fig Burn?
Fig burn is a form of phytophotodermatitis, a skin inflammation triggered by contact with certain plant chemicals followed by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, specifically UVA radiation. The sap of fig trees contains compounds known as furanocoumarins, with 8-methoxypsoralen being a primary culprit in fig-induced reactions. When these furanocoumarins come into contact with skin and are then exposed to sunlight, they become activated. This activation leads to a phototoxic reaction, where the furanocoumarins damage skin cells.
The reaction typically manifests hours after exposure, often within 24 hours, with symptoms peaking around 48 to 72 hours. Wet skin or sweat can worsen the reaction by spreading the sap over a wider area. While the sap from leaves and roots are often the most potent parts, the branches and even the skin of unripe fruit can also exude this milky sap.
Treating Fig Burn at Home
Immediate action after potential contact with fig sap can help reduce the severity of a fig burn. Begin by thoroughly washing the affected skin area with soap and cool water as soon as possible. If blisters have formed, it is generally recommended to leave small blisters intact to act as a natural protective barrier against infection.
Applying cool compresses to the affected area can help soothe the burning sensation and reduce swelling. Over-the-counter (OTC) hydrocortisone cream may be used for mild cases to help alleviate inflammation and itching. Aloe vera gel can also provide a soothing effect, though it does not prevent the underlying chemical reaction. For pain management, OTC nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen can help reduce discomfort.
Keep the affected skin clean and dry to prevent secondary infections. If blisters break, gently clean the area with mild soap and water, apply an antibiotic ointment, and cover it with a sterile bandage. Continue to protect the healing skin from direct sunlight, as sun exposure can worsen hyperpigmentation. The discoloration, which can range from hyperpigmentation (darkening) to, in some cases, hypopigmentation (lightening), usually fades over several weeks or months.
Preventing Future Fig Burn
Avoiding fig burn primarily involves minimizing contact with the plant’s sap and protecting exposed skin from sunlight afterward. When working with fig trees, especially during pruning or harvesting, wear long sleeves, long pants, and gloves to create a physical barrier against the sap.
After handling fig plants, thoroughly wash your hands and any other potentially exposed skin areas with soap and water immediately. Even if you wear gloves, sap can sometimes get on uncovered skin. It is also important to avoid direct sunlight exposure on any skin that may have come into contact with fig sap, even if for a short period.
When to See a Doctor
While most cases of fig burn can be managed at home, certain symptoms warrant professional medical attention. You should see a doctor if the rash is widespread, covers a large area of the body, or is accompanied by severe blistering. Signs of infection, such as increasing redness, warmth, pus, or fever, indicate a need for medical evaluation, as antibiotics may be necessary.
Intense pain that is not relieved by over-the-counter pain medication is also a reason to seek medical advice. If the burn affects sensitive areas like the eyes, mouth, or genitals, immediate medical consultation is important. A doctor can confirm the diagnosis and prescribe stronger topical or oral steroids for more severe or widespread reactions.