Eyelash lice, medically known as phthiriasis palpebrarum, are tiny parasitic insects that infest the eyelashes. These are typically Pthirus pubis, or pubic lice, which transfer to the eyelashes, often through hand contact from other infested body areas. While uncommon, this condition can cause discomfort. Fortunately, eyelash lice are treatable with effective methods.
Recognizing Eyelash Lice
Eyelash lice are recognized by specific symptoms around the eyes. Intense itching, particularly at the lash roots along the eyelid margin, is a key indicator. This itching might intensify during the night when the lice are more active. Other signs include eyelid irritation and inflammation, excessive tearing, and a burning or gritty sensation.
Eyelashes may also appear clumped or stuck together, with dark spots visible at their base. These dark spots can be lice or their eggs, known as nits. While these signs can be visually observed, eyelash lice are sometimes mistaken for other eye conditions like blepharitis or Demodex mite infestations, which cause similar symptoms such as redness, itching, and crusty eyelashes. A healthcare professional can accurately diagnose eyelash lice using specialized equipment like a slit lamp biomicroscope.
Treatment Approaches for Eyelash Lice
Eyelash lice treatment involves methods to suffocate or eliminate parasites and their eggs. Mechanical removal, using fine-tipped tweezers to carefully remove lice and nits from eyelashes, is one approach. This meticulous process is an important step in clearing the infestation.
Home solutions often involve applying occlusive agents to the eyelashes to smother lice. For example, petroleum jelly can be thickly applied to eyelids and lashes two to three times daily for up to 10 days. This effectively covers lice and their eggs, depriving them of oxygen. While petroleum jelly is an over-the-counter option, a doctor might prescribe an ophthalmic-grade petrolatum ointment, specifically formulated for use around the eyes and differing from standard petroleum jelly.
For more persistent or severe cases, healthcare providers may recommend prescription medications. These include specific topical anti-parasitic ointments or creams designed for ophthalmic use. Oral medications, such as Ivermectin, might also be prescribed if other treatments are insufficient. Common head lice treatments, such as permethrin shampoos, are generally not safe for direct application to the delicate eye area due to irritation or damage risk. Always consult a healthcare professional before using any product not explicitly approved for ocular use.
Preventing Future Infestations
Preventing future eyelash lice infestations primarily involves good hygiene and avoiding situations that facilitate transmission. Since eyelash lice are typically pubic lice, avoid direct skin-to-skin contact with infested individuals until their infestation is resolved.
Thoroughly clean personal items that may have contacted the lice. Wash bedding, towels, and clothing in hot water (at least 130°F/54°C) and dry on high heat for 20-30 minutes. Items that cannot be machine-washed can be dry-cleaned or sealed in a plastic bag for two weeks to ensure any remaining lice or nits die. Avoid sharing eye makeup, brushes, or other personal items that touch the eye area. Regularly cleaning eyelashes and surrounding areas as part of routine hygiene can further reduce infestation risk.
When to Consult a Doctor
Consult a doctor if you suspect eyelash lice or if symptoms persist. Consult a doctor if symptoms like itching or irritation do not improve with home treatments. Signs of infection, including severe redness, increased swelling, or pain around the eyes, also require immediate medical attention.
A doctor can provide an accurate diagnosis, especially since eyelash lice can be confused with other eye conditions. This is particularly important for young children or infants, as infestations in this age group can sometimes indicate other concerns and require evaluation by a healthcare provider. Your doctor can also prescribe appropriate ophthalmic-safe treatments and guide you on resolving the infestation and preventing recurrence.