The presence of extra tissue in the armpit, medically termed axillary tissue, is a common physical and aesthetic concern. This tissue can cause discomfort, especially during hormonal fluctuations, or create a noticeable bulge that affects clothing choices and body confidence. Understanding the nature of this tissue is the first step toward effective management and removal. Because the composition varies significantly, seeking a professional medical evaluation remains the starting point for determining the appropriate course of action.
Differentiating Between Glandular Tissue and Fat
The tissue creating the bulge in the armpit area is typically one of two distinct types: true glandular breast tissue or localized fat deposits. Accessory Breast Tissue, also known as Polymastia, represents a congenital condition where actual breast gland tissue develops outside the main breast area, most often along the embryonic “milk line” which runs toward the armpit. This glandular tissue is denser, firmer, and often feels nodular upon physical examination.
Glandular tissue is sensitive to hormonal changes, mirroring a normal breast. This means it may swell, become painful, or grow larger during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, or lactation. In contrast, localized adipose tissue, or armpit fat, is generally softer, non-nodular, and compressible, and does not exhibit cyclic changes. This fatty tissue is usually correlated with an individual’s overall body weight and fat distribution.
To confirm the tissue type, a physician performs a physical examination. If the examination is inconclusive, imaging studies are used to clarify the diagnosis. An ultrasound is often the initial imaging modality to differentiate between glandular tissue, which appears fibrous, and soft adipose tissue. A mammogram or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used for a more detailed evaluation, particularly to rule out other masses or potential malignancies, as glandular tissue can develop the same conditions as normal breast tissue.
Lifestyle Adjustments for Volume Reduction
If the axillary tissue is primarily localized fat deposits, volume reduction can be achieved through lifestyle adjustments focused on overall body composition. Excess fat in the armpit area is linked to general body fat, meaning a sustained reduction in body weight can minimize the appearance of these deposits. This involves adopting a healthy, calorie-controlled diet combined with regular cardiovascular exercise to promote fat loss throughout the body.
Incorporating strength training can also help improve the aesthetic appearance of the underarm area by increasing muscle tone. Exercises targeting the chest, back, and shoulders, such as push-ups, rows, and fly exercises, will build underlying muscle. While these exercises do not directly burn fat from the armpit area, they create a firmer contour that can make any remaining fat less noticeable. These non-surgical methods will not eliminate true glandular Accessory Breast Tissue, as that tissue does not shrink significantly with weight loss alone.
Professional Medical Removal Options
When the tissue is glandular, large, or unresponsive to weight management, professional medical intervention is the most reliable method for complete removal. The choice of procedure depends entirely on the composition of the tissue—whether it is glandular, fatty, or a combination of both.
Surgical Excision
For tissue that is predominantly glandular, surgical excision is the recommended approach. This involves making a discreet incision, typically hidden within the natural armpit crease, to physically cut out and remove the dense glandular tissue. This method is necessary because glandular tissue is fibrous and cannot be effectively suctioned out. Excision allows for the complete removal, and all removed glandular tissue must be sent for pathological analysis to confirm its benign nature. The procedure is generally performed under general anesthesia.
Liposuction
If the issue is solely excess fat, liposuction is a less invasive procedure that removes the adipose tissue through small incisions. A thin tube called a cannula is inserted to break up and suction out the fat cells. Liposuction alone is sufficient for pure fat deposits, resulting in minimal scarring and a relatively shorter recovery period.
In cases where the tissue is a mix of fat and glandular components, a combination approach is often used, where liposuction first removes the surrounding fat, followed by surgical excision of the core glandular tissue. It is crucial to choose a board-certified plastic surgeon or general surgeon with specialized experience in breast and axillary procedures.
Recovery and Long-Term Monitoring
The recovery process varies, with liposuction having a generally quicker timeline than full surgical excision. Following an excision, patients can typically resume light daily activities within one week, though a full recovery from strenuous activities requires approximately four to six weeks. Post-operative care involves managing mild pain, swelling, and bruising, which usually subside within the first two weeks.
A compression garment is typically worn for several weeks after the procedure to help control swelling, promote skin retraction, and ensure the new contour settles correctly. Patients are advised to avoid heavy lifting or vigorous arm movements during the initial healing period to prevent strain on the incision site.
For long-term monitoring, especially when true glandular tissue was removed, regular follow-up with the surgeon is necessary. While the tissue removed will not regrow, the area needs to be monitored for any recurrence or malignant changes, just as with normal breast tissue. Self-examinations and routine check-ups are important steps in ensuring the area remains healthy and stable.