English ivy (Hedera helix) is an aggressive, invasive species across much of North America, known for forming dense, light-blocking mats on the ground and climbing structures and trees. This evergreen vine competes with native plants. Its ability to climb can weaken trees by blocking photosynthesis and adding significant weight, increasing the risk of damage during storms. Removing this persistent plant requires dedication and a multi-step approach, especially when avoiding chemicals. Complete eradication can be achieved through consistent, manual, and environmental methods.
Mechanical Removal of Ground Cover
Removing the thick, horizontal ground cover requires a systematic approach to ensure that the extensive root system is addressed. Begin by preparing the work area, wearing durable gloves, and gathering tools like loppers, a shovel, and a pitchfork. Define manageable sections of the ivy mat, perhaps in two-by-two or three-by-three-foot squares.
Use loppers or heavy-duty shears to cut the vines at the perimeter, separating the mat from surrounding growth. Once segmented, the ivy can often be peeled back from the soil like a carpet, pulling against the direction of growth. Use a pitchfork or trowel to gently loosen the soil around stubborn root clumps, maximizing the removal of root material. Small fragments left behind can easily regrow.
Specialized Techniques for Vertical Ivy
Ivy climbing structures presents distinct challenges, as improper removal can cause more harm than the ivy itself. For ivy climbing a tree trunk, the method involves creating a girdle of removed vine material to starve the upper plant. Use a saw or heavy-duty pruners to cut all vines completely around the trunk at chest height and again near the ground, removing a segment of several inches.
Leaving the upper portion of the vine to decay naturally is necessary, as attempting to pull it down can strip the bark, potentially killing the tree. Once the connection to the root system is severed, the aerial rootlets will lose their grip, and the vines will dry out and fall away over time.
For ivy on walls or masonry, the aerial rootlets secrete a glue-like substance that can damage mortar or siding upon removal. The safest method is to cut the vines at the base and allow the entire structure to die and dry out completely before attempting gentle removal with a stiff brush or scraper.
Long-Term Suppression of Root Systems
After the initial mechanical removal, follow-up methods are necessary to exhaust the remaining root fragments and prevent regrowth. One effective non-chemical method is smothering, also known as sheet mulching or occlusion. This involves covering the cleared area with a thick layer of cardboard or black plastic sheeting, which is then covered with wood mulch or soil for aesthetic and stability purposes.
Blocking the sunlight prevents photosynthesis, depleting the energy reserves stored in the root system over time. This passive method often requires the material to remain in place for at least one to two full growing seasons to fully wipe out the extensive root network.
Consistent monitoring is paramount, as any small sprouts that emerge must be immediately pulled or clipped. Repeatedly removing the new foliage forces the root system to expend stored energy without replenishing it, leading to eventual exhaustion of the plant.
Debris Disposal and Site Restoration
The removed ivy material must be handled carefully, as the vines and root fragments can easily reroot and start a new infestation. Never place ivy debris directly into a compost pile or yard waste collection unless the material is completely non-viable.
The safest disposal method is to dry the vines thoroughly by spreading them out on a paved surface or a tarp in the sun for several weeks. Alternatively, the material can be placed into black plastic bags and sealed, allowing the intense heat of the sun to “cook” the plant matter until it is no longer capable of reproduction.
Once the area is clear, planting native, non-invasive ground covers or other appropriate species is important. Establishing new plant life immediately fills the void, helping to shade the soil and outcompete any lingering ivy remnants, preventing the aggressive vine from re-establishing a foothold.