Lingering congestion is a common and often frustrating post-viral symptom for many individuals after COVID-19. This persistent nasal and sinus discomfort can significantly impact daily life. Understanding how to effectively manage this congestion can help alleviate its effects.
Understanding Persistent Congestion
Lingering congestion after COVID-19 often stems from the body’s prolonged immune response and inflammation within the nasal passages and sinuses. The SARS-CoV-2 virus primarily affects the upper respiratory tract, leading to inflammation of the membranes lining the nose and sinuses. This inflammation causes blood vessels in the nasal lining to swell, resulting in a stuffy nose. The body produces clear mucus to trap and flush out the virus, which can contribute to a runny nose. While acute symptoms typically resolve within days or a few weeks, some individuals experience a persistent runny or stuffy nose for weeks or even months as part of post-COVID syndrome.
At-Home Relief Methods
Several accessible methods can help manage persistent congestion at home by soothing irritated nasal tissues and thinning mucus for easier drainage.
Staying well-hydrated is important, as drinking plenty of fluids helps thin mucus, making it easier to clear, and keeps nasal passages moist.
Steam inhalation is a widely used remedy that can ease irritation and reduce swelling in nasal passages. The warmth and moisture from steam loosen mucus, making it easier to expel. Methods include leaning over a bowl of hot water with a towel draped over the head, taking a hot shower, or using a humidifier to add moisture to the air. For safety, avoid breathing directly over boiling water or a steaming kettle due to burn risks.
Nasal saline rinses can effectively flush out excess mucus, irritants, and allergens from the nasal cavity. These rinses involve using a saline solution with devices like a neti pot or a squeeze bottle. Use distilled, sterile, or previously boiled and cooled water for saline rinses to avoid introducing contaminants.
Elevating the head during sleep by propping it on several pillows can prevent mucus accumulation and make breathing easier overnight. Applying a warm compress to the face, specifically over the nose and forehead, can relieve nasal inflammation and pressure. Additionally, avoiding irritants like cigarette smoke and strong perfumes can prevent further nasal irritation. Adequate rest supports the immune system’s recovery.
Over-the-Counter Solutions
Over-the-counter (OTC) medications offer various ways to alleviate congestion by targeting different symptoms.
Decongestants shrink swollen blood vessels in the nasal passages, reducing swelling and improving airflow. They are available as oral medications (e.g., pseudoephedrine) or nasal sprays (e.g., oxymetazoline, phenylephrine). Oral decongestants like pseudoephedrine are often found behind the pharmacy counter due to regulations. Nasal sprays provide rapid relief but should only be used for three to five days to avoid rebound congestion, where nasal passages become more congested after discontinuing use.
Antihistamines are primarily used if allergies contribute to congestion. They block histamine, a chemical released in response to allergens, which causes symptoms like sneezing, runny nose, and congestion. While some may help with cold symptoms, they are generally not highly effective for common cold-related congestion alone.
Pain relievers and anti-inflammatories, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help manage discomfort like headaches or facial pain. For congestion with a cough, expectorants like guaifenesin can thin mucus, making it easier to clear from airways. It is important to read product labels and consider consulting a pharmacist to ensure the medication is appropriate for your symptoms and health conditions.
When to Consult a Doctor
While many cases of post-COVID congestion can be managed at home, certain signs indicate professional medical advice is necessary.
Consult a healthcare provider if congestion worsens or doesn’t improve after 7 to 10 days of home care. Medical attention is warranted for a high fever (101 degrees Fahrenheit or higher) or severe pain or pressure around the eyes, cheeks, nose, or forehead, especially if it worsens when bending over. A new or worsening cough, particularly with thick yellow or green mucus, can indicate a secondary bacterial infection like bacterial sinusitis. Other concerning symptoms include shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, new chest pain, or any unusual symptoms not typically associated with viral congestion. A healthcare provider can diagnose the cause of persistent symptoms and recommend appropriate treatment, including prescription medications if a bacterial infection is present.