Chiggers, often called harvest mites or red bugs, are tiny mites, not insects, that cause intensely itchy red welts. These microscopic creatures are barely visible, often unnoticed until itching begins. This article covers identifying and treating chigger bites, and preventing future encounters.
Identifying Chigger Bites
Chigger bites typically appear as small, red bumps, sometimes resembling pimples, blisters, or hives. These bites are frequently found in clusters, particularly in areas where clothing fits tightly, such as around the ankles, waistline, or skin folds like behind the knees. Intense itching often starts several hours after exposure. Unlike other biting pests, chiggers do not burrow into the skin; instead, they inject digestive enzymes that break down skin cells for nourishment.
Immediate Relief Actions
If you suspect chigger exposure, thoroughly washing the affected skin with soap and water is a first step. This action helps remove any lingering chiggers still on the skin, preventing further bites. Applying cold compresses or ice packs to the bitten areas can reduce swelling and alleviate intense itching. Avoid scratching the bites, as this can break the skin and lead to secondary bacterial infections.
Effective At-Home Treatments
For ongoing relief, several over-the-counter options are effective. Topical anti-itch creams with ingredients like hydrocortisone, calamine lotion, camphor, menthol, or pramoxine can soothe skin and reduce discomfort. Oral antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine or loratadine, can also alleviate pervasive itching, which may interfere with sleep. Soaking in a bath with colloidal oatmeal provides additional relief by calming irritated skin. Keeping the bitten areas clean and dry supports healing and helps prevent complications.
Preventing Future Chigger Bites
To prevent future chigger bites, wear protective clothing in grassy or wooded areas. Long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and tucking pant legs into socks create a barrier against mites. Apply insect repellents containing DEET or picaridin to exposed skin and clothing; these also deter chiggers. After spending time outdoors where chiggers are common, shower immediately with soap and water; this washes off any mites before they bite. Wash clothes worn during outdoor activities in hot water to eliminate attached chiggers.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Most chigger bites can be managed at home, but medical attention is sometimes needed. If signs of a secondary infection develop, such as increased redness, warmth, swelling, pus, or a fever, consult a healthcare provider. Also, if bites do not improve with home treatments after several days, or if a severe allergic reaction occurs, seek medical evaluation.