Body lice are tiny insects that live in clothing and bedding, feeding on human blood. These parasites cause discomfort and irritation. Identifying and eliminating them is important for health. While bothersome, body lice infestations are treatable with hygiene and environmental cleaning.
Recognizing Body Lice
Body lice are small, oblong insects, typically yellow-gray, sometimes brownish-red after feeding. They measure 2.3 to 3.6 millimeters (about the size of a sesame seed). Unlike head or pubic lice, body lice primarily live in the seams and folds of clothing and bedding, moving to the skin to feed. Their eggs, called nits, are tiny, oval, yellow-white, usually found on clothing fibers, especially in seams.
Infestation signs include intense itching, often with a rash from their bites. Small, discolored bites or red bumps may also appear. Bites frequently occur where clothing seams press against skin, such as the neck, shoulders, armpits, waist, and groin. Prolonged infestation can thicken and discolor affected skin. While often associated with crowded living or infrequent bathing, body lice can affect anyone.
Eliminating the Infestation
Eliminating body lice requires treating both the person and their environment. Begin by thoroughly bathing with soap and warm water. This step is often sufficient, as lice do not burrow into the skin. Medicated shampoos or lotions (pediculicides) are usually not needed if proper hygiene is maintained and infested items are cleaned. If basic hygiene is insufficient or infestation is severe, a healthcare provider might prescribe a medicated skin cream or oral medication.
Treating all clothing, bedding, and towels is the most important step. Machine wash these items in hot water (at least 130°F/54°C) and dry on the highest heat for a minimum of 30 minutes; high temperatures kill both lice and their eggs. For non-washable items like stuffed toys or upholstered furniture, dry cleaning is an option. Alternatively, seal them tightly in a plastic bag for at least two weeks to kill any remaining lice or nits. Regular vacuuming of carpets, mattresses, and furniture also helps remove fallen lice or nits.
Preventing Future Infestations
Preventing body lice involves consistent personal hygiene and careful management of clothing and personal items. Regular bathing and frequent changing into clean clothes are important. Aim to bathe daily and change into fresh clothes at least once a week.
Routine washing of clothes, bedding, and towels in hot water and high heat helps prevent infestations. Avoiding sharing clothing, bedding, towels, and other personal items is also important, as body lice spread through direct contact with infested individuals or their belongings. Addressing underlying factors like poor hygiene or crowded living conditions can further reduce future infestation risk.